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Thromboembolic Disease in the Obstetric Patient: Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Published in Hau C. Kwaan, Meyer M. Samama, Clinical Thrombosis, 2019
During the delay usually to differentiate SPT from fever of another etiology, progressive thrombosis of the vena cava, renal veins, and/or pulmonary embolus may result. Unfortunately, identification of a suitable diagnostic aid to shorten or eliminate the delay has proved elusive. Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan has been recommended, but the sensitivity and specificity of tomography for the diagnosis of SPT are unknown. The measurement of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) may be of value. It has been reported that an FPA in excess of 12 ng/ml in a nondiabetic, puerpural patient is found only with thrombotic disease.63
Using meshless methods to simulate the free vibrations of the cupula under pathological conditions
Published in J. Belinha, R.M. Natal Jorge, J.C. Reis Campos, Mário A.P. Vaz, João Manuel, R.S. Tavares, Biodental Engineering V, 2019
C.F. Santos, Marco Parente, J. Belinha, R.M. Natal Jorge, Fernanda Gentil
Further advantages of the meshless methods are the possibility to obtain robust solution fields (displacements, stresses, strain, etc.) with an extra smoothness and a superior accuracy. These numerical properties are useful to predict the nonlinear material behaviour of such biological tissues and the remodelling process of such biomaterials. Additionally, there are some recent works showing that the combination of medical imaging techniques like computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), with meshless methods is more efficient than using the FEM (Wong, Wang, Zhang, Liu, & Shi, 2010) (Chen et al., 2010).
Fractures of the Ring of the Axis: A Classification Based on the Analysis of 131 Cases *
Published in Alexander R. Vaccaro, Charles G. Fisher, Jefferson R. Wilson, 50 Landmark Papers, 2018
All patients had a fracture of the ring of the axis (C2), defined as involving the lamina, articular facets, pars, pedicles, or the posterior wall of the C2 vertebra. Their injuries were managed at centers in Canada and Australia. Each had a minimum 4-month follow-up and had available complete clinical notes together with original and final radiographs. The available imaging studies varied but included static and dynamic (flexion/extension) plain X-rays, supplemented by tomograms, and computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans.
Biomechanical performance design of joint prosthesis for medical rehabilitation via generative structure optimization
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Jinghua Xu, Kang Wang, Mingyu Gao, Zhengxin Tu, Shuyou Zhang, Jianrong Tan
The computed tomography (CT), namely computerized axial tomography (CAT), is a radiologic imaging modality that uses computer processing to generate an image (CAT scan) of the tissue density in a “slice” as thin as about 1 to 10 mm through the physical body. The HU (Hounsfiled Unit) reflects how much the tissue absorbs the X-rays. For medical images slice ith medical image which is usually spaced at various intervals, m is the vertical resolution and n is the horizontal resolution.
Nasal plasmacytoma: a rare cause of persistent epistaxis
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2018
Rizwan Ishtiaq, Kalika Sarma, Ike Uzoaru, Waseem Khaliq
SEPs are slowly growing masses, and by cytology and immunophenotype, these are like any plasma cell neoplasm except a discrete solitary mass. Diagnosis of extraosseous plasmacytoma is demonstrated by pathological confirmation of plasma cell with or without monoclonal gammopathy and workup to exclude multiple myeloma. EP is plasma cell infiltration of any anatomical site distant from the bone marrow due to hematogenous spread. Etiology of solitary nasal plasmacytoma remains unknown, although chronic irritation from viral pathogenesis or inhaled irritant has been indicated previously [7,8]. Soft tissue plasmacytoma has been classified into three stages: stage I is limited to the extramedullary site, stage II involves the regional lymph nodes, and stage III involves multiple metastasis [9]. Biopsy or fine needle aspiration is required for the diagnosis of SEP [10]. Computerized axial tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scanning are recommended for the staging of this disease. The appearance of bulky soft tissue mass and the isointense signal on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images due to the presence of high cellularity suggests the diagnosis of plasmacytoma [11]. In some patients with solitary plasmacytoma, clonal plasma cells can be found residing in the bone marrow using flow cytometry, lytic lesions on the skeletal survey or evidence of monoclonal proteins in the serum or urine [12,13]. In our patient, workup for clonal plasma cells in bone marrow, lytic lesions on skeletal survey, and 24-hour urine Kappa or Lambda light chain were unremarkable.
Increased serological, cancer-associated protein biomarker levels at diagnosis of large bowel adenoma: Risk of subsequent primary malignancy?
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2019
Thomas B. Piper, Lars N. Jørgensen, Jesper Olsen, Knud T. Nielsen, Gerard Davis, Julia S. Johansen, Ib Jarle Christensen, Hans J. Nielsen
In a major multicenter study conducted in 2004/05 at six collaborating hospitals in Denmark, 4990 subjects were included in a prospective, population-based cohort study and underwent diagnostic large bowel endoscopy due to symptoms attributable to CRC. Blood samples were collected prior to endoscopy and plasma levels of the protein biomarkers CEA, CA19-9, TIMP-1 and serum YKL-40 were retrospectively determined to identify a potential relation to endoscopy findings. The four biomarkers were chosen because they showed promising results as neoplasia detecting biomarkers in previous studies [3,22]. The subjects were stratified into five ranked groups depending on the primary endoscopy findings: 1: CRC; 2: extra-colonic cancer; 3: colorectal adenomas; 4: non-neoplastic findings, mainly diverticula and 5: clean colorectum. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Capital Region of Denmark (KF01-080/03), which represents all collaborating hospitals, and in addition approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency (2003-41-3312/2008-41-2252). The inclusion and exclusion criteria of the subjects have been presented previously [3]. Before inclusion, all subjects signed an informed consent form. Symptoms or adherence to a HNPCC surveillance program guided whether a subject underwent sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Subjects with findings of adenomas at primary sigmoidoscopy should have been offered subsequent colonoscopy; that was not uniformly performed however, due to patient refusal. Subjects, who underwent primary sigmoidoscopy without findings of colorectal pathology, but with persisting symptoms were offered an additional colonoscopy. Subjects, who had been examined with primary colonoscopy or examined with primary sigmoidoscopy and subsequent colonoscopy but had persisting symptoms were offered additional examinations with ultra-sonography, computerized axial tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.