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Do I Have IBS?
Published in Melissa G. Hunt, Aaron T. Beck, Reclaim Your Life From IBS, 2022
Melissa G. Hunt, Aaron T. Beck
Ultimately, your doctor will want to get a good look at your intestines. There are a number of ways to do this. In an upper GI and small bowel series, or CT scan you will need to drink barium, a slightly sweet, chalky white liquid that coats the lining of the small intestine, making it easier to see what’s going on. After drinking the barium, you will have X-rays or a CT scan taken. The barium looks white in the images and shows spots where there may be inflammation or other abnormalities in the small intestine. In a lower GI series, you will have to take barium in the form of an enema, which will be administered by the doctor. Then X-rays or CT scans are taken of your large intestines, including the colon and rectum.
Gastrointestinal diseases and pregnancy
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Murtaza Arif, Anjana Sathyamurthy, Jessica Winn, Jamal A. Ibdah
During pregnancy, barium radiography is contraindicated because of risk of radiation teratogenesis. Upper endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy, EGD) is preferred for the diagnosis of PUD in both pregnant and nonpregnant patients because of a higher sensitivity and specificity when compared with barium radiography (30). EGD also has the ability to obtain histologic specimens to test for H. pylori infection and to exclude malignant gastric ulcer. In pregnant patients, EGD should be reserved only for patients with symptoms refractory to intensive medical therapy or PUD-related complications such as hemorrhage or gastric outlet obstruction. Since duodenal ulcers are benign, follow-up endoscopy to document complete healing is unnecessary. A significant although small percentage of gastric ulcers are malignant. Therefore, EGD and biopsy of gastric ulcers with follow-up until complete healing is documented is recommended.
Gastrointestinal tract and salivary glands
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
A 300 ml can of carbonated barium diluted with 1500 ml water will provide the desired low-density barium suspension (approx. 20% w/v). The barium is syringed or ideally, infused through the tube using an enteroclysis pump at a rate of between 100 and 110 ml per minute. Barium transit to the colon is often less than 35 minutes (Fig. 5.38a). Optimal imaging results from obtaining a single column of barium distending and passing through the small bowel to the colon. The fluoroscopic observation of the barium column should be collimated to the area of interest; although fluoroscopy will be frequent to demonstrate the whole bowel in its distended form, it must be intermittent to minimise radiation dose. Wearing a lead glove to hold a palpating spoon, the small bowel is thoroughly palpated to separate overlapping loops (see Figs 5.39a,b).
Sigmoid volvulus: a rare but unique complication of enteric fever
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2020
Muhammad Sohaib Asghar, Abubakar Tauseef, Hiba Shariq, Maryam Zafar, Rumael Jawed, Uzma Rasheed, Mustafa Dawood, Haris Alvi, Saad Aslam, Marium Tauseef
Sigmoid Volvulus, a rare but threatening cause of Intestinal Obstruction, was first described by Von Rokitansky in 1836. It is a condition where sigmoid colon wraps around its mesentery, causing a luminal obstruction. The mean age of presentation is 70 years. The immediate diagnosis and timely surgical intervention are the keys to the management of Sigmoid Volvulus, as any delay in surgery would risk the patient for intestinal ischemia, perforation, peritonitis, shock, and even death. Diagnostic modality of choice is radiological imaging including X-ray and Computed Tomography scan, while barium study usually avoided due to the risk of perforation and/or ischemia. For a viable bowel, non-surgical deflation is a good choice but when there is a possibility of gut vascular compromise and gangrene, surgical intervention is usually required.
Diagnosis and management of laryngotracheal stenosis
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2018
Matthew M Smith, Robin T Cotton
Another evaluation of swallowing is the modified barium swallow study or video swallow study. Patients ingest different consistencies of barium while continuous radiographs of the upper airway and esophagus are obtained. This is a useful adjunct for evaluating swallowing, but does not allow the clinician to document vocal fold mobility. If patients are unable to ingest barium (ie they do not take a significant amount of food by mouth at baseline), then the barium swallow examination will not provide meaningful results because of the lack of barium swallowed. This is in contrast to the FEES exam which can dye the patient’s saliva and allow the physician to evaluate if they are tolerating their own secretions. Another tool to use for the evaluation of aspiration in tracheostomy patients, is placing a small amount of green food coloring in the patient’s saliva or food and seeing if green contents are expectorated or suctioned from the tracheostomy site.
Protective effects of pomegranate peel against hematotoxicity, chromosomal aberrations, and genotoxicity induced by barium chloride in adult rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2016
Awatef Elwej, Ghada Ben Salah, Choumous Kallel, Faiza Fakhfakh, Najiba Zeghal, Ibtissem Ben Amara
Previous studies have demonstrated that heavy metals increase the generation of ROS causing damage to macromolecules, membrane ion transport systems, enzymes, lipid peroxidation in hematological system leading probably to genotoxic effects on blood (Kumar et al. 2013; Ashour & El-Shemi 2014) in rats treated by mercury chloride and cadmium, respectively. Barium, an alkaline earth metal, alters hematological parameters including the decrease in blood hemoglobin content and thrombocytes count in industrial workers (Tarasenko et al. 1977), while its genotoxicity has not been previously characterised in experimental models. Therefore, a micronucleus and chromosome aberrations tests, assayed in our study, were used for the assessment of barium genotoxicity. These assays are now recognised as the most successful and reliable assays for genotoxic carcinogens and mutagens causing genetic damages. Micronuclei are the cytoplasmic bodies having a portion of acentric chromosome or a whole chromosome not carried to the opposite poles during the anaphase (Boffetta & Islami 2013).