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Azoospermia
Published in Botros Rizk, Ashok Agarwal, Edmund S. Sabanegh, Male Infertility in Reproductive Medicine, 2019
Medhat Amer, Emad Fakhry, Botros Rizk
Developmental history may reveal a history of delayed puberty in patients with congenital hypogonadism or KS. Surgical operations in the scrotal or inguinal regions must be documented. For example, orchidopexy can result in vasal or epididymal injury or may compromise testicular blood supply. The risk of infertility is higher in those who had bilateral undescended testis and azoospermia can be found in 89% of untreated adult men. A history of cryptorchidism and orchidopexy can be found in 10% of infertile men [11]. Scrotal and inguinal surgeries like inguinal hernia repair, varicocelectomy, hydrocelectomy, and testicular biopsy can compromise the epididymis or vas deferens resulting in obstructive azoospermia. Transurethral procedures may cause obstruction of the ejaculatory duct. Postpubertal mumps orchitis may cause NOA. Systemic illnesses, such as Cystic fibrosis (CF), is typically associated with congenital absence of the vas deferens. Young syndrome is a rare condition, which is manifested by repeated respiratory infections and can also be associated with OA [12].
Nasal Polyposis
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Louise Jayne Clark, Adam J Donne, R James A England, Hisham M Mehanna, Gerald William McGarry, Sean Carrie, Basic Sciences Endocrine Surgery Rhinology, 2018
Young’s syndrome is a rare disease consisting of three components: obstructive azoospermia, bronchiectasis and sinus disease. Although it is a recognized cause of male infertility and is well known in the field of infertility,71 the exact nature and natural history of the sinus disease component is not widely understood. The prevalence of Young’s syndrome remains unknown. In the 1980s, the syndrome was reported to affect one in 500 males and was described as being more common than cystic fibrosis.72 However, in the last 20 years only a handful of case reports have been published on this syndrome.73-75 A reduction in the use of mercury in Europe and the USA has been cited as a potential reason for this decline. Mercury exposure in childhood is likely to be the only aetiological factor identifiable in Young’s syndrome, with a history of mercury intoxication seen in 10% of Young’s syndrome patients in one series.76 Mercury inhibits enzymes containing sulphydryl by reacting with thiols to form mercaptides. Mercaptides are thought to inhibit glycolysis, which is necessary for the normal function and energy supply of sperm and cilia.77
Prediction of male infertility by the World Health Organization laboratory manual for assessment of semen analysis: A systematic review
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2018
Amir S. Patel, Joon Yau Leong, Ranjith Ramasamy
In obstructive azoospermia, there is some form of obstruction along the reproductive tract, obstructing passage of sperm from the testis into the ejaculate. These may be due to congenital causes, such as congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) in the case of cystic fibrosis; or epididymal obstruction seen in Young’s syndrome [33,34]. Obstructive azoospermia can also be acquired from previous infections, trauma, vasectomies, and iatrogenic injuries.
Comorbidities and mortality risk factors for patients with bronchiectasis
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2021
David Clofent, Antonio Álvarez, Letizia Traversi, Mario Culebras, Karina Loor, Eva Polverino
Many other diseases are classified as causative of bronchiectasis and have their own associated comorbidities. Examples are primary cilliary dyskinesia, which can be manifested by sinusitis and situs inversus [45]; alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, characterized by pulmonary emphysema; and hepatopathy [46], or Young’s syndrome by obstructive azoospermia [47], among others.