China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Nutrition
Published in Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal, Principles of Physiology for the Anaesthetist, 2020
Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal
Three main methods are used in indirect calorimetry: The Benedict–Roth spirometer is a simple closed-circuit breathing system that is filled with 6 L of oxygen and held in a drum, floating on a water seal. The subject breathes in from this drum through an inspiratory valve, and expired air is passed back to the drum through an expiratory valve and a soda-lime canister, which removes the CO2 produced. As oxygen is consumed, the volume of the drum decreases, and this is recorded. The rate of oxygen consumption is determined and the metabolic rate calculated.In the Douglas bag technique, all expired air is collected using a mouthpiece with inspiratory and expiratory valves. The expired air collected in the Douglas bag is analysed for the content of oxygen and carbon dioxide so that oxygen utilization and carbon dioxide production can be calculated.The Max Planck respirometer is based on the Douglas bag method, and the volume of expired gas is measured directly in a dry gas meter. A device within the spirometer diverts an adjustable volume of the expired gas into a breathing bag, from which the expired gas may be sampled and analysed. This type of respirometer is used for measuring very high rates of oxygen consumption, and for prolonged periods.
Methods of nutritional assessment and surveillance
Published in Geoffrey P. Webb, Nutrition, 2019
Portable respirometers have been developed that can be strapped onto the back and thus used and worn whilst performing everyday domestic, leisure or employment tasks. These respirometers, such as the Max Planck respirometer, monitor the volume of gas expired by the wearer and divert a small proportion of the expired gas to a collection bag for later analysis. They are once again only suitable for relatively short-term recording but they can be used to quantify the energy costs of a variety of tasks.
Fluids and Flow
Published in Sarah Armstrong, Barry Clifton, Lionel Davis, Primary FRCA in a Box, 2019
Sarah Armstrong, Barry Clifton, Lionel Davis
A Wright respirometer is an expiratory volume recorder that uses gas flow to spin a vane; it is therefore an anemometer. Flow rates can be obtained by averaging volumes over time. It does not need a power supply and is small and portable, but it can only measure gas volume flowing in one direction. It underestimates at low volumes, but it overestimates at high volumes because of the inertia of the vanes
A comprehensive proteomics analysis of the response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to nanoceria cytotoxicity
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2023
Lidija Izrael Živković, Nico Hüttmann, Vanessa Susevski, Ana Medić, Vladimir Beškoski, Maxim V. Berezovski, Zoran Minić, Ljiljana Živković, Ivanka Karadžić
Culture growth in LB medium with and without NC was monitored by determining the respiration rates of cumulative oxygen consumed and carbon dioxide produced (mL). Respiration activity was measured using a twelve-channel Micro Oxymax® respirometer (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, USA). The experiments were performed in Micro Oxymax light-resistant 500 mL bottles (Duran, Wertheim, Germany) containing 100 mL of LB medium and LB medium supplemented with NC (concentration 500 µg/mL) and constantly stirred (150 rpm) with a magnetic stirrer (Heidolph, Schwabach, Germany) at 25 °C for 96 h. Sterile LB media with and without NC were used as non-biological controls, while inoculated LB media without NC were considered as biological controls. Cell respiration was measured every 120 min for four days. All experiments were performed in triplicate. The data obtained was evaluated by Micro Oxymax software.
Deletion of SDF-1 or CXCR4 regulates platelet activation linked to glucose metabolism and mitochondrial respiratory reserve
Published in Platelets, 2022
Yi Li, Ziqian Feng, Luochen Zhu, Ni Chen, Qin Wan, Jianbo Wu
The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was measured by Oxygraph-2k high-resolution respirometer (Oroboros, Schroecken, Vorarlberg, Austria) as previously described [21]. Briefly, isolated murine platelets were suspended in Modified Tyrode’s-Hepes buffer for experiments of intact platelets, and while mitochondrial respiration medium MiR05 (110 mM Sucrose, 20 mM HEPES, 20 mM Taurine, 60 mM K-lactobionate, 3 mM MgCl2, 10 mM, KH2PO4, 0.5 mM EGTA, 1 g/L BSA, pH 7.1) was used for respiration measurements of permeabilized cells. Correction for background and air calibration was performed following the manufacturer’s instructions. Data were normalized to platelet counts and were analyzed by using DatLab software version 7.3.0.3 (Oroboros Instruments, Innsbruck, Austria).
The Most Beautiful Man: An Integration of Hypnosis and Biofeedback for Depression and Dissociation
Published in American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 2019
At her second session, the psychologist initially asked Marguerite for her permission to apply physiological sensors and monitor what was happening in her body. He explained each sensor, as he applied it, including surface electromyography (SEMG) sensors on her shoulders, a thermometer (TEMP) on her nondominant middle finger, a photoplethysmograph for heart rate (PPG, HR, HRV) on her nondominant thumb, electrodermal (EDR) sensors on her nondominant index and ring finger, electroencephalographic (EEG) sensors (an active sensor at the vertex and two reference sensors on the ears), and a respirometer band (RESP) around her abdomen (Table 1). He observed and explained to Marguerite her physiological baseline on the computer, noting elevated HR, rapid breathing (RESP), and an elevation of EEG amplitude in the high beta range (23 to 38 Hz). He discussed each element of the physiological signals displayed on the computer screen, explaining that the high HR, rapid breathing, and EEG elevation all were indicative of significant anxiety. Marguerite acknowledged that she felt extreme anxiety about the memories she might share this day.