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The History of Nuclear Medicine
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
The company Abbott Laboratory began selling 131I-HSA 1950 and FDA-approved Na131I (sodium-iodine) for patient use in 1951. In 1955, George V. Taplin used 131I- labelled rose bengal for scintigraph liver imaging, and 131I-hippuran to measure kidney function using scintillation detectors. Other applications included a test with vitamin B12 labelled with 60Co. Subsequently in 1953, Robert F. Schilling used other cobalt isotopes for studies of blood diseases, and in 1957 H. Knipping used 133Xe to measure lung ventilation.
The Coronaries
Published in Theo Kofidis, Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery, 2021
László Göbölös, Johannes Bonatti
The importance of continuous excellent bilateral communication with the anesthetic team throughout the operation cannot be overstated, especially regarding the following: Initiation of single-lung ventilation.Regulating CO2 insufflation pressure.Detecting signs of peripheral ischemia in the case of a femoral cardiopulmonary bypass approach.Correcting incidental endoballoon migration at cardioplegic TECAB.Establishing adequate heart rate control.Reviewing eventual regional wall motion abnormalities in beating-heart procedures.Respiratory management after a longer cardiopulmonary bypass run on single-lung ventilation.
Diagnosis and Treatment Model of the COVID-19 Rehabilitation Unit
Published in Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang, Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
The completion of a good respiratory function requires good lung ventilation, gas exchange and transportation, and respiratory rhythm adjustment. Lung ventilation refers to the process of gas exchange between the lungs and the external environment. Gas exchange and transportation refer to the exchange of gas with blood in the lungs’ capillaries after air enters the alveoli. The respiratory rhythm is regulated by the central nervous system and the reflexes from the respiratory organs themselves, respiratory muscles, and other organs’ receptors. Therefore, the breathing exercise pattern and the respiratory muscles’ strength play an essential role in the recovery of respiratory function. It mainly includes posture management, breathing control technology, airway clearing technology, progressive activity and exercise, breathing training gymnastics, physical factor therapy, etc.
Low tidal volume ventilation alleviates ventilator-induced lung injury by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome
Published in Experimental Lung Research, 2022
Lixia Wang, Jun Li, Yan Zhu, Binshan Zha
Alveolar barotrauma is a major mechanism underlying VILI.23 Excessive tidal volume is the main cause of barotrauma.24 In our study, high-tidal-volume ventilation (Vt = 10 mL/kg IBW) was chosen during one lung ventilation in patients. Correspondingly, we found that high-tidal-volume ventilation during OLV increased Ppeak, Pplat, and ΔP significantly. However, LTTV (Vt = 5 mL/kg and 5 cm of H2O PEEP) decreased Ppeak, Pplat, and ΔP notably during OLV, indicating that alveolar overdistention was avoided and barotrauma may be reduced. In addition, we also found that LTTV increased Paw during OLV. Paw could be used to safeguard oxygenation when titrating ventilation, because Paw and oxygenation demonstrate a predictable and quantifiable direct relationship.25 Here, our present study found that oxygenation index in patients of LTTV group showed an increasing trend, although there was no significant difference compared with the control group. Therefore, our results suggested that LTTV may exert its lung protective capacity mainly by reducing alveolar barotrauma.
Our current understanding of and approach to the management of lung cancer with pulmonary hypertension
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2021
Gaelle Dauriat, Jerome LePavec, Pauline Pradere, Laurent Savale, Dominique Fabre, Elie Fadel
During induction, systemic pressures may need to be maintained using vasopressors to preserve myocardial perfusion. The overall anesthetic plan should avoid all other factors that might increase PVR, including hypoxemia, hypercarbia, acidosis, hypervolemia, hypothermia, and sympathetic stimulation (pain). Ventilation and tidal volumes should be adjusted to keep lung volumes near the functional residual capacity, as this is the point where PVR is lowest. During single-lung ventilation, tidal volumes should be decreased by half. Perfusion can be optimized by increasing the systemic pressure using vasopressors such as phenylephrine, norepinephrine, and vasopressin, while decreasing right ventricular end-diastolic pressure and volume with inotropes such as milrinone, epinephrine, and dobutamine. Inotropes also increase myocardial perfusion by increasing CO.
One-lung ventilation for percutaneous thermal ablation of liver tumors in the hepatic dome
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2020
Yinglin Long, Qingjing Zeng, Xuqi He, Huolin Ye, Yating Su, Rongqin Zheng, Jie Yu, Erjiao Xu, Kai Li
One-lung ventilation, is a routine technique to control the ventilation of each lung separately during general anesthesia; this application is widely used in thoracic surgery because of its safety and less complications [15,16]. Recently, some researchers began to employ this technique as an ancillary method to asist the thermal ablation of tumors in the hepatic dome. F D’Amico et al. [14] presented a case of subdiaphragmatic and recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma in which the tumor was only reachable after one-lung ventilation and was successfully ablated. This case report indicated that one-lung ventilation may be a safe and efficient option for tumors in the hepatic dome. However, further validation involving larger populations was still needed to clarify the usefulness and clinical value of this technique.