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The Lung and the Pleura
Published in E. George Elias, CRC Handbook of Surgical Oncology, 2020
Undifferentiated large cell carcinoma of the lung is somewhat similar to adenocarcinoma of the lungs. These tumors are usually peripherally located and invade the bronchi secondarily as they grow. These tumors, as well as the adenocarcinoma, share a common precursor which is a scar of a previous inflammatory process in the lung. At one time, they were considered as adenocarcinomas. Cytological examination of the sputum can be confused with adenocarcinoma of the lung. However, these tumors reach a large size before they metastasize.
The respiratory system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Large cell carcinoma is a tumour in which no glandular or squamous differentiation is seen either on morphology or on immunohistochemistry, and it is a diagnosis of exclusion. Many probably represent very poorly differentiated squamous or adenocarcinomas, and this is supported by molecular profiling which shows many large cell carcinomas have overlapping gene expression profiles with these and other lung cancer types. It consists of sheets and nests of large epithelial cells with prominent vesicular nuclei and nucleoli, but without evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation on light microscopy or immunohistochemistry.
Answers
Published in Andrew Schofield, Paul Schofield, The Complete SAQ Study Guide, 2019
Andrew Schofield, Paul Schofield
Lung cancer presents in a number of ways. The commonest presentation is an unresolving cough in a smoker, but it may be detected on routine chest X-ray in a patient without symptoms. Smoking is the major risk factor for the development of lung cancer. Lung cancers are subcategorised as small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. This differentiation is important, as it has implications regarding the prognosis, staging and treatment of the cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer is farther subdivided, and the commonest forms are squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. TNM staging is used for nonsmall cell cancer, and the treatment of choice for low-grade disease is surgical excision. Curative radiotherapy is an alternative. Small cell lung cancer is staged as limited or extensive disease. The disease carries a poor prognosis, but may be responsive to chemotherapy.
Non–small cell lung cancer presenting as back cyst
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2023
Tyiesha Brown, Asad Mussarat, Alok Pant, Shreedhar Kulkarni
The percentage of primary lung cancer patients who present with skin metastasis ranges from 1% to 12%.2,3 Currently, there is not clear agreement on which lung cancer type has the highest frequency of skin metastasis. Some studies have shown that adenocarcinoma is the most common type, while others show large cell carcinoma.4–7 A broad range of primary skin morphologies are seen in the various reported cases, ranging from a solitary nodule, exudative or ulcerated lesions, carcinoma erysipeloides, and many more.3,8 The skin metastasis can appear after diagnosis, at the same time, or as the first sign of internal malignancy. In most cases of cutaneous metastasis from primary lung cancer, the cancer was already known.3 In a large retrospective study in which 63 lung cancer patients had skin metastasis, 75% had already been diagnosed.5
Diagnostic value of lncRNA HOTAIR as a biomarker for detecting and staging of non-small cell lung cancer
Published in Biomarkers, 2022
Xin Yao, Teng Wang, Meng Yang Sun, Yang Yuming, Duan Guixin, Jing Liu
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancer worldwide with a high incidence and mortality, and has been become gradually more frequent in recent years due to the decline of air quality, and the younger generation of smokers (Ferlay et al.2015); and reached 1.82 million worldwide in 2019 (Puglisi et al.2010). According to its pathological classification, lung cancer can be divided into non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Among them, non-small cell lung cancer includes squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma, accounting for about 80% of lung cancer, and small cell lung cancer accounting for about 20% (Chheang and Brown 2013). The disease is usually diagnosed through medical imaging, cytology and other related tests, but the above methods have certain limitations (Amaral et al.2008). In addition, there are no typical symptoms in the early stage of the disease for medical staff to judge. Most patients are typically diagnosed when the lung cancer is in the middle and late stages, which surgical resection is suitable (Vansteenkiste et al.2013). Therefore, finding high accurate tumour markers for early diagnosis and initial staging of lung cancer is critical, which needs further research on the pathogenesis of lung cancer (Roointan et al.2019).
Baicalin attenuates XRCC1-mediated DNA repair to enhance the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to cisplatin
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2022
Zhangyong Yin, Enguo Chen, Xiaoping Cai, Enhui Gong, Yuling Li, Cunlai Xu, Zaiting Ye, Zhuo Cao, Jiongwei Pan
Lung cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor with the highest mortality across the globe, which so closely associated with cigarette smoking [1]. Lung cancers are categorized as small cell lung carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) that including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma [2]. NSCLC accounts for approximately 85% among all histological types of lung cancer [3]. Surgical resection is most applicable to early-stage lung cancer diagnoses and considered the best curative option [4]. Nevertheless, no major organization recommends screening for early detection of lung cancer, although screening has interested researchers and physicians [2]. Multiple people with lung cancer have been diagnosed at advanced stage [5]. A multimodality approach that are applied in advanced lung cancer may include radiotherapy and chemotherapy [2]. Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP, cisplatin) is one of the most commonly effective chemotherapy drugs, treating a variety of cancers [6]. However, the 5-year survival rate of lung cancer patients is approximately 18%, and has not improved significantly during the past 25 years [7]. The development of chemoresistance to chemotherapy drugs is one of the most important causes for such a low survival rate [8]. Therefore, chemoresistance has become a major challenge in the successful therapy of lung cancer. In order to obtain better results in lung cancer therapy, it is important to find effective ways to counter the chemoresistance.