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Breathing pattern disorders in athletes
Published in John W. Dickinson, James H. Hull, Complete Guide to Respiratory Care in Athletes, 2020
John W. Dickinson, Anna Boniface
A simple method is to observe the athletes breathing pattern at rest. The athlete should ideally be unaware when you are observing their breathing pattern, therefore observing can be taken subtly when taking the athletes pulse or when they are filling in a questionnaire. When observing breathing rate you should look for the following: Resting respiratory rate (normal rate between 8–18 breathes per minute).Nose or mouth breather.Predominately chest or abdomen movements.Regular or irregular breathing pattern.Accessory muscle activation.Abdominal or pelvic splinting.Breath holding.Sighing, yawing, throat clearing and coughing.Difficulty timing breathing with talking.
Exposure Assessment
Published in Ted W. Simon, Environmental Risk Assessment, 2019
Early studies on inhalation rates either used spirometry to measure the actual breathing rate or predicted the rate from measurements of pulse. In the 1990s, a method based on energy expenditures was developed.243 The general equation used in this method is:
Useful coping skills
Published in Cate Howell, Keeping the Blues Away, 2018
Another key in learning to relax is to breathe effectively (Singh, 1996). When stressed, for example, the breathing rate can increase and breathing can become shallow. The usual resting breathing rate in an adult is about 12 breaths per minute, but when anxious it may go up to 25 breaths per minute.
IPW-5371 mitigates the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure in WAG/RijCmcr rats when started 15 days after PBI with bone marrow sparing
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Brian L. Fish, Barry Hart, Tracy Gasperetti, Jayashree Narayanan, Feng Gao, Dana Veley, Lauren Pierce, Heather A. Himburg, Thomas MacVittie, Meetha Medhora
Radiation pneumonitis is accompanied by an increase in breathing rate (Travis et al. 1979; Medhora et al. 2012). In the current study, rat breathing rates measured by the MouseOx Plus Pulse Oximeter were plotted using a spline analysis (Figure 4(A)). The analyses showed an increase in breathing rate in the vehicle-treated PBI rats, which was mitigated by IPW-5371 at both 7 and 20 mg kg−1 d−1 (p = .0177 and .0009 respectively). Superimposed over the Kaplan–Meier curves are the breathing rate normalized to the 0 Gy control rats measured on the same day (Figure 4(B)). These data show the progression of lung dysfunction during the time of L-DEARE (pneumonitis) defined in grey on Figure 1. Note the clear increase in the mean normalized breathing rate (right axis) in 13.5 Gy PBI rats as compared to the rats treated with 7 or 20 mg kg−1 d−1 of IPW-5371.
Correction of heat-induced susceptibility changes in respiratory-triggered 2D-PRF-based thermometry for monitoring of magnetic resonance-guided hepatic microwave ablation in a human-like in vivo porcine model
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Bennet Hensen, Susanne Hellms, Christopher Werlein, Danny Jonigk, Phillip Alexander Gronski, Inga Bruesch, Regina Rumpel, Eva-Maria Wittauer, Florian W. R. Vondran, Dennis L. Parker, Frank Wacker, Marcel Gutberlet
MR-guided MWA was performed 30–34 days after liver resection. Anesthesia was induced via central venous catheter in the V. cava superior with propofol (10 mg/kg) (Narcofol®, CP Pharma, Germany). The animals were intubated and mechanically ventilated with an individualized isoflurane inhalation (air–oxygen mixture 1:1) for maintenance of general anesthesia. The breathing rate was set to 12 breaths/min and a ventilation volume of 10 mL/kg per breath, whereas the medium heart rate amounted to 105 beats/min. The depth of anesthesia was continuously monitored. The animals were placed in head first supine-position (Figure 1). For analgesia the animals were injected with 4 mg/kg carprofen (Rimadyl®, Zoetis, USA) intravenously at the time of induction of anesthesia. Prior to each puncture of the liver with the microwave applicator, the animals received 1 mg/kg lidocaine as local anesthetic at the site of skin penetration. At the end of the MRI experiments, the animals were euthanized in deep anesthesia by intravenous injection of T61 (MSD Tiergesundheit, Unterschleißheim, Germany).
Investigation of airflow at different activity conditions in a realistic model of human upper respiratory tract
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Reza Tabe, Roohollah Rafee, Mohammad Sadegh Valipour, Goodarz Ahmadi
Several studies have been carried out to determine the pressure drop and its relation to the breathing rate (Pedley et al. 1970; van Ertbruggen et al. 2005; Katz et al. 2011; Borojeni et al. 2015). This included investigations of airflow (with or without suspended aerosols) in the different geometric models of the human airways. The mouth–throat models used in the past studies included the simplified human upper airway (Kleinstreuer and Zhang 2003; Ball et al. 2008; Jayaraju et al. 2008; Tang et al. 2012; Leung et al. 2015; Mina et al. 2017), the US pharmacopeia throat (USP) (Longest et al. 2008; Xi et al. 2016), and realistic models generated using CT scans of volunteers (Garcia et al. 2009; Borojeni et al. 2014; Xi et al. 2018; Haghnegahdar et al. 2019a, 2019b). In a recent study by Paxman et al. (2019), the relationship between pressure drop, flow rate, and gas properties in airway replica geometries was investigated. Their results revealed that the modified-Blasius model provides a more accurate prediction of the pressure drop dependence on the air properties in the branching airways. Furthermore, the earlier computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies have shown that the model of Pedley et al. (1970) overestimates the simulated pressure drops (Comer et al. 2001; Ismail et al. 2013).