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Diagnosing Tourette syndrome
Published in Carlotta Zanaboni Dina, Mauro Porta, James F. Leckman, Understanding Tourette Syndrome, 2019
Carlotta Zanaboni Dina, Mauro Porta
Yale Global Tic Severity Scale – YGTSS is the most used clinical scale to assess the severity of tics. It is divided into an objective part i.e. Tic Severity, and a subjective part i.e. Social Impairment. It is important to note that the two parts are equally divided in the Global Score: the impairment is as fundamental as the severity (Table 3.7). One of the objective subparts is frequency of motor and sound tics (see the example in Table 3.7).
Tics and Tourette’s syndrome
Published in Quentin Spender, Judith Barnsley, Alison Davies, Jenny Murphy, Primary Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2019
Quentin Spender, Judith Barnsley, Alison Davies, Jenny Murphy
A tic is a sudden, purposeless, repetitive stereotyped movement or phonic production – which means a noise coming from the mouth, throat or nose that is not necessarily meaningful. The combination of multiple motor tics with one or more phonic tics is called Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome, shortened to Tourette’ssyndrome or Tourette’s. Combinations of tics that do not quite add up to Tourette’s syndrome, or that have not lasted for the arbitrary period of one year, can be called a ticdisorder.Table 25.1, derived from the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, gives examples of commonly occurring tics and some of the words used to describe them.1 Swear words occur in only 10-20% of children and young people with Tourette’s, but when they do, are accompanied by distress or embarrassment for the child who utters them, unlike the kind of swearing common in the school playground.
Aripiprazole for the treatment of Tourette syndrome
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2021
Joanna H. Cox, Andrea E. Cavanna
According to the PubMed search engine, a total of five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and eleven open-label studies on the use of aripiprazole in the treatment of patients with tic disorders have been published to date. The majority of studies employed one or more standardized scoring systems to measure tic severity before, during, and after treatment with aripiprazole. The most commonly used instruments were the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and the Tourette Syndrome Clinical Global Impression scale (TS-CGI) [62]. The YGTSS is a clinician-rated instrument which assesses both motor and vocal tics in multiple dimensions including number, frequency, intensity, complexity, interference, and overall impairment. The YGTSS is the most widely used scale to measure tic severity and is characterized by good psychometric properties, including internal consistency and inter-rater reliability [63]. The TS-CGI is a brief clinician-rated tool which assesses overall impairment caused by patients’ symptoms along two components: illness severity and degree of improvement. Each factor is rated on a seven-point Likert-type scale [62]. Based on its excellent reliability and validity indices, the TS-CGI was rated as ‘recommended’ for the assessment of tic severity in an ad hoc report by the Movement Disorders Society [62].
The effect of shorter exposure versus prolonged exposure on treatment outcome in Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders – an open trial
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2018
Jolande M. T. M. van de Griendt, Maarten K. van Dijk, Cara W. J. Verdellen, Marc J. P. M. Verbraak
The outcome measure was the change in tic severity in response to treatment, that was measured using the Dutch version of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS; Leckman et al., 1989). The YGTSS is a well-established and semi-structured clinician derived rating scale with satisfactory validity and interrater agreement for the English version (Leckman et al., 1989) as well as for the Dutch version (van de Griendt et al., In preparation). The YGTSS obtains information on tic severity for motor and vocal tics separately along five dimensions: number, frequency, intensity, complexity and interference. Subscale scores are obtained by the sums on these dimensions. A rating of impairment is added, ranging from 0 (no impairment) to 5 (severe impairment) to provide a total tic severity score that ranges from 0 (no tics) to 55 (severe tics). This total tic severity score as established at baseline and 12-week follow-up was used in calculating treatment gain in response to treatment. The YGTSS was videotaped and scored by independent assessors, who were blind as to pre- or post-treatment measurement.
Neural correlates of prediction violations in boys with Tourette syndrome: Evidence from harmonic expectancy
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2018
Judith Buse, Christian Beste, Veit Roessner
The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS; Leckman et al. 1989) was obtained from all boys with TS to determine the current symptom severity. Premonitory urges were assessed with the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS; Woods et al. 2005). In order to assess subclinical symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the participants completed the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI-R; Foa et al. 2002; German version by Gönner et al. 2007), as well as the Zwangsinventar für Kinder und Jugendliche (ZWIK; Goletz and Döpfner 2011), a German questionnaire to dimensionally assess paediatric OC symptoms. Attention deficits hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms were assessed with the parent-rated (FBB)-ADHD scale of the comprehensive diagnostic system for mental disorders in childhood and adolescence (DISYPS II; Döpfner et al. (2008)). Additionally, attentional problems were obtained by the inattention subscale of the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach 1991). The demographics and clinical characteristics of the sample are presented in Table 1.