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Stroke
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
Lesions of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) usually cause visual disturbances. This may be isolated homonymous hemianopia (with macular sparing due to collateral supply from the MCA). Bilateral infarcts may lead to cortical blindness. This may be associated with confabulation of vision (Anton's syndrome). Strokes within the visual association areas can provoke visual hallucinations. Visuospatial function is more likely to be affected with non-dominant hemisphere lesions.
Neuropsychiatry
Published in Jeremy Playfer, John Hindle, Andrew Lees, Parkinson's Disease in the Older Patient, 2018
Patients with corticobasal degeneration (CBD) have more depression and irritability, but less apathy than those with PSP.171 Patients may demonstrate cognitive abnormalities reflecting cortical disease including apraxias, alien hand, visual and sensory neglect. Gesture problems are said to be specific for CBD. Visuospatial function is intact in MSA, mildly impaired in PSP and significantly impaired in CBD, suggesting differential distribution of object-based and spatial functions in the brain.172 Using the Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination (ACE-R) as a screening tool, there is more cognitive deterioration in patients with CBD than there is in those with PSP, with no deterioration in the case of patients with MSA.173 Rarely, corticobasal syndrome can be due to motor neurone disease (MND), which itself can be associated with parkinsonism. MND may prove to be a multisystem disease and a cause of frontotemporal dementia.
Cognitive Change, Dementia and Depression in Parkinson's Disease
Published in Lucien Côté, Lola L. Sprinzeles, Robin Elliott, Austin H. Kutscher, Parkinson's Disease and Quality of Life, 2014
Impairment in various aspects of visuospatial function have been noted in PD.26–27 These may be a function of patients' inability to plan and conduct motor tasks that require such skills. Difficulties with motor programming have been noted using several paradigms.28–30 Most studies have not noted a primary deficit in spatial perception, although deficits have been noted on specific non-motor visuospatial tasks.31
Mediation Analysis of the Effect of Visuospatial Memory on Motor Skill Learning in Older Adults
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2023
Andrew Hooyman, Jennapher Lingo VanGilder, Sydney Y. Schaefer
Visuospatial function has been associated with motor learning in a number of studies (Lingo VanGilder et al., 2018; Lingo VanGilder, Lohse, et al., 2021). The purpose of this study was to use mediation analysis to understand the mechanism by which visuospatial function affects the learning of both fine and gross motor skill in older adults. Results showed that the delayed recall portion of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test had an indirect effect on the learning of the spatial aspects of the fine motor phase (i.e., distance traveled), which was mediated through initial performance, but not the temporal aspects (i.e., movement time). This is not surprising, given that the ROCFT is an assessment of visuospatial ability, rather than processing or movement speed. In contrast, delayed recall scores had no direct nor indirect effect on the learning of the gross motor phase. We therefore interpret the indirect effect of visuospatial function on fine motor skill learning as evidence for a causal link between visuospatial function and motor learning, particularly in tasks involving fine motor control within an unconstrained space, whereby visuospatial deficits lead to deficits in motor learning.
The Moderating Role of Sleep Quality on the Association between Neuroticism and Frontal Executive Function in Older Adults
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2022
Bori R. Kim, Ruda Lee, Nayeon Kim, Jee Hyang Jeong, Geon Ha Kim
Additionally, it is also worth noting that a significant negative association between neuroticism and visuospatial function was also found in our study, which is also in line with other previous studies showing that higher neuroticism was associated with poor visuospatial function (Burles et al., 2014; B. P. Chapman et al., 2017). As aforementioned, since individuals with higher neuroticism are also known to have a higher level of anxiety (Chapman et al., 2017; Curtis et al., 2015; Eysenck & Calvo, 1992; McCrae & John, 1992), several previous studies have shown similar effects of anxiety on visuospatial integration (Wetherell et al., 2002). One previous study also hypothesized that this association between neuroticism and poor visuospatial function could be attributed to deficits in the cognitive map abilities of the hippocampus that is also associated with neuroticism (Burles et al., 2014).
Pilot Study: The Queen Square Screening Test for Visual Deficits in Dementia
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2021
Leah N Kim, Dennis Cordato, Alan McDougall, Clare Fraser
Our results are consistent with the current literature in which individuals with AD exhibit deficits in complex visual function such as reading, visuospatial function, and object recognition.15–17 However, our pilot study was unable to be directly compared to the results of other studies that examined AD since our dementia group comprised of different aetiologies including AD, vascular dementia, mixed dementia, and LBD. The diagnosis of dementia is based on consensus criteria, which also introduces variability in sensitivity and specificity of selected patient populations of dementia subtypes in published studies.9 Although we are unable to directly compare our results to studies that examined AD, our study shows that the QS test may be useful in screening for cognitive impairment in the real world in patients with undifferentiated dementia.