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Animal-Assisted Therapies
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Tara G. Matthews, Dawn Yelvington
Equine-facilitated therapy for complex trauma is a promising new model of equine-assisted psychotherapy. Recent research on traumatic stress and its treatment suggests that novel and non-traditional forms of therapy may be advantageous (Metcalf et al., 2016, p. 290). Three core components of intervention that target areas impacted by exposure to trauma are addressed to include safety, attachment, and regulation. A client who has suffered severe trauma can learn, using the same elements in his or her relationship with the horse, how to create safe and trusting relationships with humans involving safe and nurturing physical touch (Naste et al., 2018). Once effective communication between the client and the horse is established, then the client can learn to attend to the emotional world of the horse. The horse, in turn, begins to focus on the client and the client’s interactions by developing trust and a deep attachment between them. The benefit of this experience is the development of new communication skills and the resulting attachment, which can then be generalized to human relationships (Naste et al., 2018). Lastly, bodily dysregulation is a common feature of complex trauma symptomatology, and thus, techniques to improve body awareness are often incorporated in treatments for this population (e.g., Ogden et al., 2006; Warner et al., 2013). As the clients learn how their gestures and postures impact the horse’s responses, they can then generalize these lessons to communicate with friends and family (Naste et al., 2018).
Making the Work Easier: Reducing Emotional Labor
Published in Brian C. Miller, Reducing Secondary Traumatic Stress, 2021
Therapists who thrive in their work are doing so for the simplest of reasons: they love their jobs (Clark, 2009; Melamed et al., 2001; Miller, 2007). Perhaps—especially because I provided citations—you find this fact intriguing. Or maybe it seems like the most trite, self-evident statement you could imagine: the best way to thrive in your job is to enjoy your job. But this statement is deceptively profound. Of course, there is a whole lot of obviousness to the observation that we must enjoy our jobs to thrive in our jobs. But this simple fact has been missing from our research and our discussions about professional burnout and secondary traumatic stress. We have studied the factors and symptoms that correlate with secondary traumatic stress. We prescribe self-care activities and work–life balance to help us recover from job stress and trauma exposure. But we don’t talk about making the work itself more enjoyable and less effortful.
Paper 4
Published in Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman, nMRCGP Applied Knowledge Test Study Guide, 2021
Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman
The first-line treatment for severe Post Traumatic Stress Disorderis: CounsellingSelective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) medicationPsychotherapyDebriefing, especially after catastrophesCognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
Promoter methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor following trauma may be associated with subsequent development of PTSD
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2023
Lior Carmi, Joseph Zohar, Alzbeta Juven-Wetzler, Frank Desarnaud, Louri Makotkine, Linda M. Bierer, Hagit Cohen, Rachel Yehuda
Exposure to a traumatic event can induce varying degrees of acute stress symptoms (World Health Organization 1992; American Psychiatric Association 2013). Although most trauma survivors will recover from acute stress symptoms, approximately 15% of affected individuals will develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which for some can be a chronically disabling disorder (Brewin et al. 1999; Kessler 2000; Kessler et al. 2005; Breslau 2012). Thus, the ability to identify biological markers associated with PTSD vulnerability soon after the traumatic exposure would facilitate directing limited resources to those at risk and might help improve interventions aimed at assisting these individuals (Zohar et al. 2011). However, to date, there have been few prospective longitudinal studies of recent trauma survivors.
Developing and Evaluating an Online Post-Traumatic Growth Program for Firefighters
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2023
Previous studies have confirmed the relationships between post-traumatic growth and relevant variables by investigating their roles in various traumatic experiences based on the post-traumatic growth theory (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 2004), including disease, bereavement, war, sexual violence, and traffic accidents (Brooks et al., 2016; Gortner et al., 2006; Kang, 2019). Some studies have focused on firefighters, but mainly to determine whether specific variables were associated with their post-traumatic growth (Ebrahim & Alothman, 2021; Wu et al., 2015; Yu, 2014). Earlier studies have found that individuals with high personal positivity, optimism, and resilience are considered to have high post-traumatic growth (Li & Hu, 2022; Zięba et al., 2022). In addition, individuals with high social support were found to have a high level of post-traumatic growth (Donovan, 2022; Ebrahim & Alothman, 2021; Sörensen et al. 2021). In particular, studies have shown that social support is more effective in increasing post-traumatic growth than reducing post-traumatic stress, and that peer support is the most influential among social supports (Donovan, 2022; Isaac & Buchanan, 2021). Studies also found that post-traumatic growth had a negative correlation with intrusive rumination that caused negative thoughts, and a positive correlation with deliberate rumination that was trying to understand the meaning of the traumatic event in a positive way (Cui et al., 2021; Zięba et al., 2022).
The Association of Child Abuse Experiences and Intolerance of Uncertainty in Young Adults
Published in Psychiatry, 2023
Ayşe Hatun Dirican, Ekin Doğa Kozak, Önder Kavakcı, Berna Sönmez
From an alternate perspective, abused individuals are more likely to experience early-life stress because of the traumatic events they were exposed to in childhood (Danese & Baldwin, 2017). Childhood is a sensitive period to feel the negative effects of traumatic experiences which may trigger stress reactivity (Berenz et al., 2018). Consistent with this premise, previous studies have showed a positive relation between childhood trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (Bertule et al., 2021; Burns et al., 2010; Tsur & Abu-Raiya, 2020). It is possible that, abused individuals can be more vulnerable to disturbing life events because they have a potential to overidentify threat signals (Danese & Baldwin, 2017). Therefore, uncertain situations that cannot be fully known, foreseen, or guaranteed may appear more threatening, distressing, or stressful to them (Basevitz et al., 2008). We expect that individuals who experienced abuse in early-life may be more intolerant to uncertainty in later life.