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Transgender, Genderqueer, and Non-Binary Identities
Published in Vincent La Placa, Julia Morgan, Social Science Perspectives on Global Public Health, 2023
Danielle J. Roe, Jason Schaub, Jessica Lynn, Panagiotis Pentaris
Whilst there is no one agreed definition of transphobia, as it is not a singular phenomenon with one uniform account (Bettcher, 2014), transphobia can be contextualised as the broad social context in which TGD people, or those perceived to be TGD, are systematically disadvantaged (Hopkins, 1996). The synergistic relationship of transphobia and homophobia dictate nonheterosexual and noncisgender individuals as ‘deviant’ (Tewksbury, 2015), creating a rationality of ‘acceptable prejudice’ that supports systemic disadvantages (Schilt and Westbrook, 2009). Health-related stigma is complex and multiple micro, meso, and macro inequalities should be viewed through a lens of intersectionality (Crenshaw, 2017) rather than as independent, separate entities (Rai et al., 2020).
LGBTQIA+ and Co-occurring Disorders
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Members of the LGBTQIA communities experience ongoing disconnection from their families and supports while living in a heteronormative/cisgender Westernized society that has traditionally invalidated the experiences of these populations (Bartoş et al., 2014). Ongoing minority stress coupled with open homophobia and transphobia contribute to increased risk of depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders (Hughes, 2017). As members of the LGBTQIA communities may feel disconnected from service providers, they may turn to alcohol and drug use to cope with these experiences. As a result, research has indicated that members of these communities experience higher co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders than sexual majority populations.
The Harm of Ableism
Published in Fritz Allhoff, Sandra L. Borden, Ethics and Error in Medicine, 2019
Joel Michael Reynolds, David Peña-Guzmán
An illustration will make this clearer. Gender-affirmation surgery (GAS) is often discussed in the medical and bioethical literatures as controversial because medical experts disagree about whether it counts as “therapy” or “enhancement” (Hongladarom 2012). But this way of thinking about GAS leaves trans individuals in a terrible double bind. On the one hand, if trans communities accept the therapeutic interpretation, then they must also accept the secondary claim that GAS is essentially a corrective, a “fix” for the condition that the DSM V calls “gender dysphoria.” This, in turn, implies that to be trans is to have a “mental disorder.” As Emma Inch (2016) rightly observes, this medicalization of trans identities fuels transphobia and contributes to the ongoing marginalization of trans subjects. On the other hand, if trans communities opt for the enhancement interpretation of GAS as a way of resisting the adverse effects of medicalization, they can be left in a medically vulnerable situation since, under contemporary medical-legal frameworks, trans people often need a diagnosis to change their names in legal documents and to offer a socially intelligible explanation of their situation to friends and family members. In many places, a diagnosis is required for GAS itself.
Evaluation of the Three National Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Other Sexual and Gender Minority (LGBTQ+)-Competent Provider Directories in the United States
Published in Journal of Homosexuality, 2023
Similarly, searchable criteria are essential for the LGBTQ+ population to ensure cultural competency. The GLMA Provider Directory and OutCare Health OutList provided various fundamental searchable fields, while the WPATH Member Directory only provided three criteria. Notably, transgender people of color often experience more challenging healthcare experiences because of both transphobia and racism, and many request providers of color and/or LGBTQ+-competent providers in order to avoid discrimination (Howard et al., 2019). In addition, much of the LGBTQ+ population confronts significant financial barriers to healthcare (Gonzales, Dedania, & Driscoll, 2019; Gonzales & Henning-Smith, 2017a). As such, these visible attributes, such as providers listing their own identities (e.g., sexual orientation and gender identity), education, and training as well as languages spoken, specific services, and acceptable payments (e.g., sliding fee scale), allow providers to build transparency and trust with the LGBTQ+ population by showcasing their quality care, attitudinal awareness, and cultural competence concerning the intersections of sexual orientation, gender identity, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. For current and future directories, offering these features would be very valuable to reach and provide care to diverse, non-English speaking subpopulations of the general LGBTQ+ population.
Social and contextual influences on eating pathology in transgender and nonbinary adults
Published in Eating Disorders, 2023
Bek Urban, Douglas Knutson, Dannie Klooster, Jules Soper
Findings from this study also indicate internalized transphobia plays an important and complex role in the maintenance of EP in TNB individuals. Study analyses replicated past findings and tested additional assumptions forwarded by researchers that internalized transphobia may play a mediating role between experiences of oppression and TNB mental health (Lee et al., 2020; Uniacke et al., 2021). Although the association between internalized transphobia and mental health has been previously established, this study further reinforces the negative impacts of internalized transphobia. There is also a dearth of studies examining the role of internalized transphobia as related to EP. While this association has been supported in the literature (Uniacke et al., 2021), replication of this association in other studies is warranted. As such, the present study contributes to the growing body of evidence associating internalized transphobia with EP with the findings that internalized transphobia is directly associated with EP and also mediates the pathway between discrimination trauma and EP.
Double jeopardy: Minority stress and the influence of transgender identity and race/ethnicity
Published in International Journal of Transgender Health, 2022
Krystina Millar, Caroline V. Brooks
Moving forward, future research should continue to examine differences in minority stress across various social groups (especially harder-to-reach subgroups) within the trans population. This research may also benefit from paying particular attention to potential psychosocial pathways and how place influences experience of minority stress and distress among ethnic minorities, as it may be possible that the location interacts with ethnic identity, as regional cultural differences or the existence of “gayborhoods” in local contexts may influence the extent one experiences stressors and as a consequence distress (Gieryn, 2000; Stone, 2018). Through continued research on the intersections of identity statuses and experiences with discrimination affecting the trans population, researchers, clinicians, and advocates for the trans community can improve support services and advocacy efforts to address the harms associated with transphobia and poor mental health.