China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Psychometric Testing in Functional GI Disorders
Published in Kevin W. Olden, Handbook of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2020
The STAI, a self-report measure first published in 1970, differentiates anxiety in terms of two very different constructs: one is an unpleasant emotional state, the other is a way of describing relatively stable individual differences in anxiety-proneness as a personality trait (23). An anxiety state is characterized by feelings of apprehension, nervousness, and worry, with associated arousal of the autonomic nervous system. Trait anxiety is considered the tendency to perceive stressful situations as dangerous or threatening and to respond with increases in state-anxiety reactions. Trait anxiety may also reflect frequency and intensity of anxiety states in an individual, and his or her probability of experiencing them in the future.
Dental Fear, Anxiety, and Phobia
Published in Eli Ilana, Oral Psychophysiology, 2020
Anxiety bears two distinct components: state and trait anxiety. State anxiety is the individual’s response to the specific situation, varying in intensity and fluctuating over time (e.g., increasing when facing dental treatment, decreasing when the treatment is over). Trait anxiety is part of the personality, involving the individual’s predisposition to become anxious under a variety of circumstances. It refers to relatively stable individual differences in anxiety proneness which results in the disposition to perceive a wide range of stimulus situations as dangerous, and in the tendency to respond to such threat with state anxiety reactions.4
Assessment of Psychological Functioning in Cancer Patients
Published in Barbara Curbow, Mark R. Somerfield, Psychosocial Resource Variables in Cancer Studies: Conceptual and Measurement Issues, 2014
Carolyn Cook Gotay, Jeffrey D. Stern
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The STAI (Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1970) consists of two scales of 20 items each: the State Anxiety Scale, which asks respondents to describe how they feel at a particular moment, and the Trait Anxiety Scale, which relates to how they generally feel. Respondents rate each item on a four-point scale. The STAI was developed on a large sample of high school and college students and demonstrated high levels of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The independence of state from trait anxiety was supported in the original scale validation. Several studies investigated the STAI in relation to cancer-related symptoms. Anxiety (state, trait, or overall) was correlated with anticipatory nausea and vomiting and conditioned nausea (Challis & Stam, 1992; Hursti et al., 1992; Morrow, 1992), but not in all studies (Haut et al., 1991). Pain also was associated with higher STAI scores (Heim & Oei, 1993; Spiegel & Sands, 1988).
Identifying emotional contributors to participation post-stroke
Published in Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2023
Yejin Lee, Marjorie L. Nicholas, Lisa Tabor Connor
The STAI is a self-reported questionnaire, consisting of state anxiety (SAS) and trait anxiety (TAS) scales.28 Trait anxiety represents personality aspects, how the individual usually feels regardless of current situations and conditions. On the other hand, state anxiety defines how the individual feels in reaction to either an external or internal stressor at a certain time and under certain conditions. Each subscale includes 20 items measured on a 4-point scale (1 = almost never to 4 = almost always) with a total range of 20 to 80. Higher scores indicate a higher level of anxiety. In this study, we used only the STAI-TAS to understand how a person’s usual anxiety level influences participation. Psychometric studies have confirmed validity and reliability of the STAI.46 Standardized scores were used in our data-analysis.
Rapid refeeding does not worsen anxiety in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: a pilot study
Published in Eating Disorders, 2022
Sinem Akgül, Andrea E Bonny, Brittny E. Manos, Kenneth Jackson, Cynthia Holland-Hall
AN is associated with high levels of comorbid anxiety (Kaye et al., 2004). Furthermore, the presence of anxiety has been shown to be a negative prognostic factor among patients with AN (Swinbourne & Touyz, 2007). An interesting study looking at factors associated with recovery in a group of adult AN patients found that participants had a lower probability of recovery when they endorsed more trait anxiety (Zerwas et al., 2013). Other studies have reported on the relationship between anxiety and remission. One study found that an increase of one unit on the trait anxiety scale reduced the chance of remission from AN by a factor of 1.15 (Yackobovitch‐Gavan et al., 2009). The core features of AN, primarily food restriction and exercise are hypothesized to have an anxiolytic effect (Dellava et al., 2010; Kaye, 2008). Anxiety may increase in patients undergoing treatment as these features are compromised especially if the patient is hospitalized.
Education curriculum for surgical interns that improves stress management and grit levels
Published in Medical Teacher, 2022
Jianhua Shi, Tao Li, Pengkang Chang, Zheng Wang, Liangshuo Hu
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to assess anxiety. The 40-item survey has been validated as a measure of subjective levels of stress in the clinical environment and for the Chinese population (Arora et al. 2010; Li et al. 2017). This questionnaire is divided into two parts. The first part is the State Anxiety Inventory (S-AI). State anxiety describes an unpleasant emotional experience that is usually transient and that is accompanied by hyperfunction of the autonomic nervous system. It mainly reflects immediate or recent experiences or feelings of fear, tension, anxiety, and neuroticism at a specific time and can be used to evaluate an individual’s anxiety level when he or she is under stress. The second part is the Trait Anxiety Scale (T-AI). Trait anxiety describes a relatively stable personality trait that is characterized by individual differences and that is used to assess people's frequent emotional experiences (Shek 1991; Han et al. 2020).