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The Place of Sexual Murder in the Classification of Crime
Published in Louis B. Schlesinger, Sexual Murder, 2021
There is no legitimate reason why psychopathic personality should not be included in the next edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. The reasons for noninclusion, such as the difficulty of operationally defining traits such as superficial charm, insincerity, and shallow emotions, have always been unclear. Schlesinger (1980) noted that distinctions among psychopathic, sociopathic, and antisocial personality disorders are legitimate and not just an academic argument. It is difficult to understand why all three personality disorders cannot become official diagnoses (Schlesinger, 2018). Inclusion in the DSM would, at least, encourage further research and enhance our understanding of criminal behavior and the various types of individuals who engage in this conduct.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurocognitive Disorders
Published in Gail S. Anderson, Biological Influences on Criminal Behavior, 2019
Psychopathy is a construct of many personality disorders, including extreme callousness, lack of concern for the effects of actions on others, lack of empathy, lack of fear, lack of ability to form emotional bonds, disinhibited impulsivity, and antisocial behavior.60 Psychopaths also exhibit a lack of remorse, shallowness, and manipulation and demonstrate superficial charm.61 Although the prevalence of psychopathy in the general population is low, psychopaths commit a disproportionate number of violent crimes. Their level of gratuitous violence is also extremely high.62 Moreover, they have very high levels of recidivism, with psychopaths consistently being three times more likely to recidivate within 1 year of prison release than non-psychopaths and four times more likely to specifically commit violent crimes repeatedly.63 They adjust poorly to prison settings and treatment programs.63 Psychopathy is considered to be one of the most robust predictors of crime and recidivism. Many studies have considered the differences in the brains of psychopaths in comparison with non-psychopaths.
Theories on the common features of good and bad leadership
Published in Denise Chaffer, Baroness Emerton, Effective Leadership, 2016
Denise Chaffer, Baroness Emerton
Organisations may also encounter other types of dysfunctional leaders, covering a range of personality disorders, and including ‘psychopaths’ ‘sociopaths’, and those with ‘narcissistic’ traits (Clarke, 2005). Common features of all are unethical behaviours, intolerance, superficial charm, unpredictable behaviours, workplace bullying, embellishment of own achievements, and individuals driven by admiration.
Psychopathy subdomains in violent offenders with and without a psychotic disorder
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2023
Christina Bell, Natalia Tesli, Tiril P. Gurholt, Jaroslav Rokicki, Gabriela Hjell, Thomas Fischer-Vieler, Ingrid Melle, Ingrid Agartz, Ole A. Andreassen, Petter Andreas Ringen, Kirsten Rasmussen, Hilde Dahl, Christine Friestad, Unn K. Haukvik
This current study builds on our earlier results and explores whether the patients with psychotic disorders and the incarcerated violent offenders without psychotic disorders show different psychopathy construct facet profiles. We hypothesized that PSY-V would score lower than NPV on at least one of the following facets: (i) facet 1 (superficial charm, grandiosity, pathological lying, manipulativeness) due to their weaker social cognitive abilities [36], (ii) facet 2 (lack of remorse or guilt, shallow affect, callous/lack of empathy, and failure to accept responsibility for own actions) – the core symptoms of psychopathy – due to expected less ‘true psychopathic’ traits than the incarcerated group, or (iii) facet 4 (poor behavioral controls, early behavioral problems, juvenile delinquency, revocation of conditional release, and criminal versatility) following earlier findings [8] and the presumed lower ability to plan and carry out criminal acts [37]. We hypothesized that they would score the same on facet 3 (need for stimulation/proneness to boredom, parasitic lifestyle, lack of realistic long-term goals, impulsivity, and irresponsibility).
Psychometric Properties and Construct Validity of the Short Version of the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale in a Southern European Sample
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2020
Ana Seara-Cardoso, Andreia Queirós, Eugénia Fernandes, Joana Coutinho, Craig Neumann
The PCL–R is a 20-item clinical construct inventory of personality traits and behaviors used to identify severe, versatile, and persistent psychopathic offenders. Trained professionals provide clinical ratings based on information collected in semistructured interviews and in clinical or forensic records. Extensive factor analytic work on offender samples indicates that its items load on four separable, but interrelated, facets: affective, interpersonal, lifestyle, and antisocial (Hare, 2003; Hare & Neumann, 2008; Neumann, Hare, & Pardini, 2015). High ratings on the affective facet reflect lack of remorse or guilt, shallow affect, callousness, and lack of empathy; the interpersonal facet involves superficial charm, grandiose sense of self-worth, pathological deception, and manipulation of others; the lifestyle facet includes characteristics such as need for stimulation, parasitic lifestyle, and impulsivity; and the antisocial behavior facet entails poor behavioral controls, early behavior problems, versatile antisociality, and sometimes, criminal behavior. These facets can be modeled in terms of the traditional two factor dimensions of psychopathy, commonly known as Factor 1 (F1; affective and interpersonal facets) and Factor 2 (F2; lifestyle and antisocial behavior facets). All facets and dimensions share variance and load onto a superordinate psychopathy factor (Hare & Neumann, 2008).
Empathy as a moderator of sexual violence perpetration risk factors among college men
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2020
Matthew D. Hudson-Flege, Holly M. Grover, Merita H. Meçe, Athena K. Ramos, Martie P. Thompson
Empathy was not, however, a significant moderator of pornography usage, superficial charm, or anger. Pornography usage overall was relatively low among the sample, and in the moderation model it had one of the weakest main effects on sexual violence perpetration. The findings for superficial charm and anger, however, affirm that empathy is not a “silver bullet” which can moderate all risk factors of sexual violence perpetration. It is plausible that a college man with serious anger issues may be generally empathetic, but during episodes of severe anger or rage, empathy may not be important. It is also plausible that an individual with high levels of superficial charm may demonstrate traits of empathy such as understanding, care, and concern for others, but these qualities may in fact be superficial and not truly internalized. Finally, in the general sexual offender population, there is debate about whether empathy deficits are general in nature, or specifically limited to the individual victim,26 and it is plausible that some college men may exhibit empathy towards others in general, but may be limited in their ability to take the perspective of a victim of sexual violence. It is possible, therefore, that the general sense of empathy measured in the IRI Perspective Taking subscale relates more to some risk factors, such as peer approval of forced sex and hostility towards women, while individual victim-related empathy deficits are more pertinent to other risk factors.