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Spotlighting hidden inequities
Published in J. Michael Ryan, COVID-19, 2020
Stacy L. Smith, Adam G. Sanford, Dinur Blum
Impression management can be made more difficult, however, by stigma: “blemishes of individual character” (Goffman 1963, 4). These are discrepancies between characteristics we think someone should possess, but doesn’t, if the discrepancy causes us to think less of them. Stigma interferes with an individual’s presentation of self as competent, because others will assume a range of flaws based on a single stigma. Physical disabilities and race, according to Goffman (1963), are examples of visible stigmas that discredit an individual.
Assessment and Treatment Approaches
Published in Brian Van Brunt, Chris Taylor, Understanding and Treating Incels, 2020
It would be useful to initially build rapport with Marc and ensure that he feels part of the process. This helps reduce any deception or impression management, often a challenge in cases like these. Given the seriousness of Marc’s case and his mother being involved in the threat assessment process, a clear “elephant in the living room” would be his hesitancy to share anything that would get him in deeper trouble. Many times, cases like this involve police talking to the student, and for a student like Marc who is already being bullied and teased, it would be reasonable that he would be hesitant to share freely and would be in fear of future teasing and alienation.
“How do I look?”
Published in Alan Bleakley, Educating Doctors’ Senses Through the Medical Humanities, 2020
The Canadian sociologist Erving Goffman (1922–82) developed a dramaturgical theory of human interaction. For Goffman, there is no distinction between ‘authentic’ and ‘inauthentic’ human behaviour as posited by Existentialists such as Jean-Paul Sartre who focus on the ethics of choice. Rather, we learn to play a variety of roles that are scripted and this includes dissimulation and deceit. We can transgress scripts and rewrite them, but possibly at the expense of ‘losing face’. We are permanently juggling and reformulating how we present to others, and these speech acts and non-verbal actions constitute identities. Medical work (and the work of patients too) is again performative – heavily scripted, with typical roles, but also with room for improvisation and reinvention. Ethics do not reside in the decisions of individuals but in the scripts of total institutions, from society as a whole to the culture of a hospital. How I look in terms of impression management, as the basis to a flourishing and supportive doctor–patient relationship, is as important as how I look in terms of clinical acumen.
The Nomological Net of Knowledge, Self-Reported Knowledge, and Overclaiming in Children
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2023
Benjamin Goecke, Ulrich Schroeders, Ingo Zettler, Stefan Schipolowski, Jessika Golle, Oliver Wilhelm
Inferring from this view, that is, OC grasps some sort of intentional or unintentional socially desirable responding behavior, OC might be correlated with honesty-humility. This makes sense for two reasons. First, there is a link between aversive personality traits like narcissism and OC, and honesty-humility has been shown to be the opposite pole of a higher-order factor explaining such aversive traits like narcissism (Schreiber & Marcus, 2020). Second, dishonesty explains individual differences in impression management (de Vries et al., 2014), which in turn correlate with OC (Bensch, Paulhus, et al., 2019). Whereas OC supposedly captures exaggeration of what a person knows, low honesty-humility should reflect deceptive or dishonest characteristics more broadly. Although theoretically plausible, the empirical link between OC and honesty-humility is weak in adults (Dunlop et al., 2020; Goecke et al., 2020; Steger et al., 2021). Importantly, though, this association has not been tested in children, so far. If an association between honesty-humility and OC in children was found, this would indicate a change of the association across age and could therefore be taken as an indicator that the reasons for engaging in OC change over the course of development.
Professional socialisation and professional fit: Theoretical approaches to address student learning and teaching in speech-language pathology
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2022
Stacie Attrill, Rachel Davenport, Chris Brebner
There is no doubt that learning in a practice context is a complex social system in which individual, institutional and cultural aspects play a part (Davenport, Hewat, Ferguson, McAllister, & Lincoln, 2018; Patton et al., 2013). The findings of this study suggest that SLP students may need specific skills to negotiate the tacit rules of the placement learning environment, and this may be more challenging for students from under-represented backgrounds who may have less prior knowledge and experience that aligns with the majority culture of the profession. This is consistent with findings from King, Turpin, Green, and Schull's (2019) recent research in veterinary science where surveys and interviews with students generated a theoretical understanding of students’ interactive processes in clinical workplace learning that included high levels of cultural and linguistic diversity. This study suggested that students have to work out how to “harness dialogue” whilst in the placement environment to coordinate three interactive processes (a) functioning in the workplace, (b) impression management and (c) learning in the moment. Students’ access to learning opportunities was sometimes impacted if the dialogue was not harnessed effectively, but students were not explicitly instructed about the “right way” to achieve this. So, for example, their learning opportunities may be restricted if they spoke out too much or too often (King et al., 2019).
Discordant report of vaping of cannabis among high school seniors in the United States
Published in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2022
Future studies planned with a specific aim to deduce predictors of discordant report are needed – particularly those that utilize theoretical frameworks such as the impression management model (46). Impression management is a conscious or unconscious process by which individuals attempt to influence perceptions of themselves by controlling the information that they provide (47). This theory posits that situational perceptions and willingness to report honestly in particular are determinants of intention to report honestly (which, in turn, predicts honest reporting) (46,48,49). Furthermore, we believe such a model should include variables assessing common biases including comprehension, memory difficulty, disabilities that may affect survey-taking (e.g., visual, hearing, understanding/recall), trust toward researchers, and social desirability, which often predict underreported drug use (when comparing survey responses and biological test results)(50).