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A Tight-Knit Family of Syndromes
Published in Peter Manu, The Psychopathology of Functional Somatic Syndromes, 2020
In summary, a substantial overlap exists between chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, and Gulf War illness, and between irritable bowel and premenstrual syndrome. The evidence indicates that a common core of clinical dimensions explains the phenomenon. This core includes increased sensitivity to pain, sleep disturbance, difficulty with concentration, and depressed or labile mood. Patients with these syndromes also share a high degree of somatic anxiety, expressed as hypervigilance, somatic amplification of bodily complaints, and increased reactivity to stress. In the absence of a common physical cause, the common denominator of these functional somatic illnesses may be found in their association with psychiatric disorders, in neurobiological abnormalities, or in personality traits leading to maladaptive coping and abnormal illness behavior.
Diagnosis and Assessment
Published in Melisa Robichaud, Naomi Koerner, Michel J. Dugas, Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder, 2019
Melisa Robichaud, Naomi Koerner, Michel J. Dugas
There are many ancillary self-report measures that can be used to complement the assessment of GAD, including measures of associated anxiety, depression, and quality of life. In our experience, it is important to assess for somatic anxiety with a self-report measure such as the Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck, Epstein, Brown, & Steer, 1988). Even though GAD is not associated with exceptionally high levels of somatic anxiety, a significant minority of individuals with GAD have a more somatic profile than would normally be expected. Furthermore, our data suggest that many individuals with GAD also present with subclinical levels of panic disorder symptoms. Thus, the assessment of somatic anxiety provides valuable information in terms of treatment issues.
Topic 6 Addictions and Substance Misuse
Published in Melvyn W.B. Zhang, Cyrus S.H. Ho, Roger C.M. Ho, Basant K. Puri, Get Through, 2016
Melvyn W.B. Zhang, Cyrus S.H. Ho, Roger C.M. Ho, Basant K. Puri
If dependence is not severe, reassurance, support and symptomatic treatment with non-opiate drugs may be sufficient. The following could be considered: Clonidine: an alpha-adrenergic antagonist that inhibits noradrenergic overactivity by acting on the presynaptic auto-receptors. It could provide some symptomatic relief in opiate withdrawal, but hypotension could potentially be a problem.Lofexidine: It is an alpha 2 agonist, which acts centrally to reduce the sympathetic tone. It is indicated for detoxification within a short period (5–7 days) and also for dependence in young people.Propranolol: It can be given for somatic anxiety.Thioridazine: It can be used to relieve anxiety in low doses.Promethazine: It can be effective for mild withdrawal.Benzodiazepine: It can be used to treat anxiety.
The Relational Self-Schema Measure: Assessing Psychological Needs in Multiple Self-with-Other Representations
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2022
Walter D. Scott, Suzanna L. Penningroth, Stephen Paup, Xingzi Li, Delaney Adams, Blake Mallory
A shortened version of the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire-90 (MASQ; Watson & Clark, 1991), the ADDI-27 assesses three symptom clusters associated with anxiety and depressive disorders: 1) general distress or nonspecific negative affect, which is common to both anxiety and depression, 2) somatic anxiety or physiological hyperarousal, which is specific to anxiety, and 3) positive affect, which at low levels is specific to depression. Respondents indicate how much they have felt or experienced cluster-related symptoms in the past two weeks. The ADDI-27 item responses have shown acceptable reliability and discriminant and convergent validity (Garcia et al., 2018; Osman et al., 2011). In the present study, Cronbach’s alpha was .93 for positive affect, .95 for distress, and .92 for anxiety.
Cardiac autonomic tone, plasma BDNF levels and paroxetine response in newly diagnosed patients of generalised anxiety disorder
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2020
Ravi Dutt, Nilima Shankar, Shruti Srivastava, Asha Yadav, Rafat S Ahmed
The presence and severity of anxiety symptoms were assessed using Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), Clinical Global Impression- Severity Scale (CGI-Severity) and General Health Questionnaire -12 (GHQ-12). The HAM-A scale consists of 14 items. Each item consists of series of symptoms which measures somatic anxiety (physical manifestations related to anxiety) and psychic anxiety (mental agitation and psychological distress). Each item is rated on a five-point Likert-type scale ranging 0 to 4, with higher scores indicating more severe anxiety (Hamilton 1959). Clinical Global Impression (CGI) is used as a tool to obtain a global rating of illness severity, improvement and response to treatment. CGI is a three-item clinician rated scale that measures illness severity (CGI-S), global improvement or change (CGI-C) and therapeutic response (efficacy index). Each component of the CGI is rated separately and the instrument does not yield a global score (Guy 1976). We used only illness severity (CGI-S) for the purpose of our study. General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) is a 12 item self-administered scale, each symptom or behaviour, rated on a four-point scale (less than usual, no more than usual, rather more than usual, or much more than usual) (Golderberg and Williams 1988). Hindi version of GHQ-12 with scoring of the four responses as 0-0-1-1 for each of the 12 items was used in our study (Bakhla et al. 2013).
Irrational beliefs and choking under pressure: A preliminary investigation
Published in Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2021
Christopher Mesagno, Stephanie J. Tibbert, Edward Buchanan, Jack T. Harvey, Martin J. Turner
For somatic anxiety, there was a significant Condition main effect, F(1, 33) = 13.50, p < .01, partial η2 = 0.29, which indicated an increase in somatic anxiety from low- to high-pressure. The IBs main effect approached significance, F(1, 33) = 3.43, p = .07, partial η2 = 0.09, with positive regression parameter estimates for both conditions (0.14 and 0.23, respectively), showing some indication that somatic anxiety tended to increase with increasing IB. There was no significant IBs x Condition interaction F(1, 33) = 0.46, p = .50, partial η2 = 0.01. Hypothesis 2a was supported, and there were weak indications consistent with hypothesis 2 b, but hypothesis 2c was not supported.