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Quantifying free-living in adults physical activity and sedentary behaviours
Published in R. C. Richard Davison, Paul M. Smith, James Hopker, Michael J. Price, Florentina Hettinga, Garry Tew, Lindsay Bottoms, Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Volume II – Exercise and Clinical Testing, 2022
Oliver J. Peacock, Enhad A. Chowdhury, Dylan Thompson
There has been an explosion in the number of consumer-based wearable activity monitors, and these are of increasing interest for use by health professionals and clinicians. It is important to highlight that not all monitors have the same utility and many products have been released into the marketplace with no or minimal evidence of validity or reliability. However, the accuracy and precision of these technologies will continue to improve, and some monitors produce similar free-living energy expenditure estimates to research devices (Chowdhury et al., 2017). The pace of change is rapid and it will be up to the practitioner to be aware of the methodological effectiveness and feasibility of any activity monitor selected for use when examining physical activity and sedentary behaviour. There are now millions of people worldwide who are self-monitoring their physical activity in a way that was never possible in the past, and practitioners will have an increasingly important role in helping people to make sense of the output from these devices if they are to be used successfully to help support and/or monitor health-enhancing physical activity behaviour.
Measuring and monitoring vital signs
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
McManus et al. (2012), The British Hypertension Society (2020) and British Heart Foundation (2020) report that this growing trend allows people to be more aware of their own BP. Self-monitoring results can often be lower than those taken by medical personnel. However, there are some inaccuracies in measuring devices and/or techniques used by people who monitor their own BP. The British Hypertension Society (2020) and British Heart Foundation (2020) offer guidance on which ambulatory devices should be used for these purposes. It is important to be aware that some individuals will be well informed about their own BP and obtaining their views and understanding of this procedure will be beneficial. Normal parameters of the person’s BP will be obtained, and potential home-monitoring problems with BP recording can be reduced or avoided.
Patient Engagement in Safety
Published in Richard J. Holden, Rupa S. Valdez, The Patient Factor, 2021
Patient information sharing may be mediated by technology including, but not limited to, self-monitoring technologies that may be integrated with the EHR. Patient-generated health data (PGHD) are “created, recorded, or gathered by or from patients” outside of clinical encounters (HealthIT.gov, 2018) are now being applied to clinical practice to inform a more complete clinical picture (Estabrooks et al., 2012). PGHD range from biometric data (e.g., heart rate, blood glucose, and blood pressure) to lifestyle behaviors (e.g., exercise and diet) to subjective interpretations of health status (e.g., symptoms indicative of a migraine). PGHD are distinct from other clinical data in that they are patient driven—recorded, captured, and shared by patients. Several entities are developing policies for systematic sharing of PGHD through patient portal capture or entry by patients and delivery to clinicians through the EHR (e.g., HealthIT.gov, 2018). Nevertheless, research is lacking on user needs (patients’ and clinicians’) for PGHD technology.
The use and impact of self-monitoring on substance use outcomes: A descriptive systematic review
Published in Substance Abuse, 2021
Julie C. Gass, Jennifer S. Funderburk, Robyn Shepardson, Jesse D. Kosiba, Lauren Rodriguez, Stephen A. Maisto
SM has been defined in different ways,14,15 yet a core feature is the act of self-observation of aspects of the target behavior. It may be as simple as monitoring the outcome of interest (e.g., number of cigarettes smoked per day), or can be more complex (e.g., identifying smoking precipitants and contexts). The modality of monitoring also can vary, with options including retrospective recall, daily paper diary, and electronic methods such as cellular phones or apps.16–18 SM was initially introduced as a methodological concern in treatment studies, as it appeared that measurement reactivity was affecting treatment outcomes.14–21 Patients often report that self-monitoring helped them to reduce use and gain important insight into their behavior.22 Substance use studies have examined assessment as an intervention (e.g., using assessments to promote behavior change) for this reason—however, results are mixed across the literature as to whether SM interventions produce consistent outcomes for substance users.22–25 This history suggests that SM has the potential to have helpful therapeutic effects, but further research is needed to better understand its effects.
System accuracy assessments with a blood glucose meter with combined glucose and ß-hydroxybutyrate measurement capabilities
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2019
Sylvia Weissenbacher, Chen-Yu Yang, Tang-Chin Kuan, Filiz Demircik, Mina Hanna, Andreas Pfützner
Self-monitoring devices for blood glucose testing allow for metabolic control by patients and doctors and for a flexible therapy adjustment by the patient. Main objective of modern diabetes therapy is to achieve near normal blood glucose levels in order to prevent secondary complications. For this purpose, high-quality blood glucose monitoring systems (BGM) are required [1] and system accuracy should meet standard performance criteria as set forth in the EN ISO 15,197:2015 guideline [2]. Minimum acceptable accuracy criteria for results produced by a glucose monitoring system is hereby achieved if 95% of the measured glucose values fall within ± 0.83 mmol/l (± 15 mg/dl) of the average measured values of the reference measurement procedure at glucose concentrations <5.55 mmol/l (<100 mg/dl) and within ± 15% at glucose concentrations ≥5.55 mmol/l (≥100 mg/dl). At least 99% of individual glucose measured values shall also fall within zones A and B of the Consensus Error Grid for type 1 diabetes [3,4].
Self-monitoring of intraocular pressure in glaucoma
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2019
Recent years have seen rapid growth in the use of wearable technology and sensors to monitor physiological parameters such as heart rate, sleep patterns, and activity, with devices like smart watches and activity trackers marketed as tools to improve health and motivate healthy behavior. Even though there is limited evidence that wearable fitness trackers improve health, new devices regularly appear on the market and there seems to be great demand among consumers[1]. Although the use of sensors to self-monitor health is a relatively recent development in consumer electronics, self-monitoring has had an important role in the management of the chronic disease for decades, with self-monitoring of blood glucose introduced for patients with diabetes in the early 1980s[2]. Self-monitoring is also used to aid assessment of systemic hypertension and, with an increasing number of medical devices, there is growing use of self-monitoring in other chronic conditions, including in eye disease.