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Psychometric Testing in Functional GI Disorders
Published in Kevin W. Olden, Handbook of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2020
The STAI has been used extensively in research and clinically. It contains separate self-report scales for state and trait anxiety, each containing 20 statements that patients rate on a four-point scale. The S-anxiety scale asks how respondents feel “right now” and the T-anxiety scale asks how they feel “generally.” The X form of the STAI is the original one; a revised version (the Y form) was published in 1980. Referred to with patients as the Self-Evaluation Questionnaire so as not to bias results, it takes 10 to 15 minutes to complete. Template keys for hand-scoring as well as machine-scoring answer sheets are available.
Anxiety and Sleep Quality of Adolescents in Earthquake Affected and Non-Affected Areas
Published in Teuku Tahlil, Hajjul Kamil, Asniar, Marthoenis, Challenges in Nursing Education and Research, 2020
Meutia Kamalat Shah, Imran, Marthoenis
This cross-sectional study was conducted in two senior high schools, one in an earthquake affected area, while another one in a non-earthquake affected area. Using a total sampling method, a total of 417 students were invited to participate in the study. However, only 343 respondents filled the self-reported questionnaire. The presence of anxiety was examined using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The STAI questionnaire is psychological inventory that was developed by Spielberger (Spielberger, 1983). It consists of 40 questions on a self-report basis and rated on a 4-point Likert scale. It has two subscales, the state anxiety (S-anxiety) which evaluates the current state of anxiety and the trait anxiety (T-anxiety) which evaluates the stable aspect of anxiety. Each subscale has a possible score of 20 to 80, where higher score indicating greater anxiety.
Dental Fear, Anxiety, and Phobia
Published in Eli Ilana, Oral Psychophysiology, 2020
A common questionnaire used to assess anxiety in different settings is the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) developed by Sielberger et al.65 In the questionnaire, a distinction is made between state and trait anxiety by designing 20 statements to measure trait anxiety, and another 20 statements to measure state anxiety (“how you feel right now”). The STAI has occasionally been used to assess anxiety in the dental setting.24,66
Mindfulness-based mobile app reduces anxiety and increases self-compassion in healthcare students: A randomised controlled trial
Published in Medical Teacher, 2021
Álvaro Orosa-Duarte, Roberto Mediavilla, Ainoa Muñoz-Sanjose, Ángela Palao, Joaquín Garde, Vera López-Herrero, María-Fe Bravo-Ortiz, Carmen Bayón, Beatriz Rodríguez-Vega
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is a 20-item, Likert-type, self-administered questionnaire that includes 2 subscales (Spielberger et al. 1970). The trait anxiety subscale (STAI-T) identifies an anxious, relatively stable predisposition that characterizes individuals with a tendency to perceive situations as threatening. In the STAI-T, response options include 0 = almost never; 1 = sometimes; 2 = often; and 3 = almost always. It ranges from 0 to 60, and higher scores indicate a greater tendency to anxiety. The inventory has been validated in the Spanish general population. For the STAI-T subscale, Cronbach’s α was .90 and the mean scores were 18.96 (SD = 10) for men and 23.35 (10.60) for women (Guillén-Riquelme and Buela-Casal 2011). Another study in a Spanish population obtained a mean score of 16.93 (10.79) for the STAI-T in a non-clinical sample, compared with 35.03 (11.77) in a clinical sample (Ortuno-Sierra et al. 2016).
Social adjustment and repressive adaptive style in survivors of pediatric cancer
Published in Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 2018
Fiona Schulte, Amanda Wurz, K. Brooke Russell, Kathleen Reynolds, Douglas Strother, Deborah Dewey
(1) Measure of distress: The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC)/State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1970) was employed as measures of subjective distress consistent with previous literature (Canning et al., 1992; Phipps & Srivastava, 1997; Phipps & Steele, 2002). This is a widely used self-report measure of anxiety; the STAIC is designed for children ages 8–14 years (Spielberger et al., 1970) and the STAI for adolescents aged 15 years and older. The STAIC/STAI are comprised of separate, self-report scales for measuring two distinct anxiety concepts: state anxiety (S-Anxiety; 20 items) and trait anxiety (T-Anxiety; 20 items). The trait anxiety subscale has been used as a component measure of repressive adaptive style in the pediatric oncology literature (Canning et al., 1992; Phipps & Srivastava, 1997; Phipps & Steele, 2002). Examples of items within the trait subscale include: I feel unhappy and I worry about things that may happen. Internal consistency estimates (Cronbach's ∝) have been reported to be 0.78 for females and 0.81 for males. Test-retest reliability was conducted after a six-week interval and found to be 0.71 (Spielberger et al., 1970). In the current study, only the trait scale was used to be consistent with how repressive adaptive style has been operationalized in the literature. Internal consistency reliability for the trait scale for the current sample was 0.87 (for survivors) and 0.88 (for sibling controls).
Evaluation of maternal attachment, self-efficacy, levels of depression, and anxiety in mothers who have babies diagnosed with retinopathy of prematurity
Published in Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2018
Gonca Özyurt, Ayhan Özyurt, Taylan Ozturk, Aylin Yaman, A. Tulin Berk
Spielberger et al.22 constructed the STAI in 1970, while its Turkish version, validity, and reliability were performed by Oner and Le Compte in 1983.23 State anxiety inventory (STAI-1) defines how an individual feels in certain time and conditions; however, trait anxiety inventory (STAI-2) defines the feelings of an individual independently from the settings and conditions. There are 40 statements on STAI representing the feelings of the individual. According to the feelings and their severity, the choices of “not at all” (1), “somewhat” (2), “moderately so” (3), and “very much so” (4) are selected. Higher scores indicate higher anxiety level, while lower scores indicate lower anxiety level. Scores for both STAI vary from a minimum of 20 to a maximum of 80. A cutoff point of scores >40 was meaningful in clinic sample.