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Theory of psychodynamic psychotherapy
Published in Patricia Hughes, Daniel Riordan, Dynamic Psychotherapy Explained, 2017
Patricia Hughes, Daniel Riordan
The anger that is felt towards the lost object is displaced on to a person or people in the present life of the depressed person. Hostility may be unconscious, but is expressed in various aspects of behaviour – for example, in making heavy demands on family or professionals, while at the same time apologising for being ‘a nuisance.’
Psychotherapy
Published in Kathleen A. Kendall-Tackett, Depression in New Mothers, 2016
With regards to the effects of cognitive therapy, it is helpful to examine the literature on the health effects of hostility. Hostility is of interest because it is a particular way of looking at the world. People high in hostility tend to attribute negative motives to others, have difficulty trusting others and establishing close relationships. Hostility also specifically raises inflammation. In one study, hostility was associated with higher levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-8) in 44 healthy, non-smoking, premenopausal women. The combination of depression and hostility led to the highest levels of IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α (Suarez et al., 2004). There was a dose–response effect: the more severe the depression and hostility, the greater the production of cytokines.
Chronic Posttraumatic Disorders of Consciousness
Published in Rolland S. Parker, Concussive Brain Trauma, 2016
It is controversial as to whether the higher incidence of emotional problems of seizure victims is a direct response to the lesion or an adaptation to it. Seizure control, mood, social function, and cognition influence quality of life. Anxiety may be hemisphere-specific since it correlates only with a measure of quality of life in patients with left TLE and not right TLE. There is evidence that preexisting personality disorders contribute to SLAUE (see above). Significant concerns of patients with severe epilepsy include further seizures, health, discouragement about work, driving, and social functioning, which all serve to reduce a patient’s sense of security. Depression, paranoia, and hostility may develop to the point that therapeutic intervention is needed.
Association between cynical hostility and temporomandibular pain mediated through somatization and depression: an 11-year follow-up study on Finnish adults
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2023
Aisha Banafa, Anna Liisa Suominen, Kirsi Sipilä
Hostility can be defined as a personality trait characterized by cynical ideation, mistrust, and an antagonistic interpersonal approach [1,2]. In the growing interest in the health adversities of hostility, several theories have been developed attempting to explain how hostility could affect health. This includes heightened physiological reactivity to the interpersonal and cognitive load of hostility (psychophysiological), erosion of social support as a result of antagonism and its taxing effect on mental health (psychosocial vulnerability), engaging in unhealthy habits such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and lack of exercise (behavioral), the interaction between the social adversity of hostility and the characteristic heightened physiological reactivity (transactional), and finally the genetic link between hostility and its ensued health complications (constitutional) [2]. What the aforementioned theories seem to have in common is the presence of a mediating factor through which hostility may cast its adverse effect on health.
Frequency and origin (reactive/proactive) of aggressive behavior in young people with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2021
Leïla Oubrahim, Nicolas Combalbert
With regard to the functions of these behaviors, the results show that people with ID exhibit reactive and proactive aggressive behaviors. Results show that physical aggression and hostility are both reactive and proactive. This result is in line with the literature, showing that physical aggression is linked to impulsivity (Tremblay 2000). This could explain why this type of behavior is so reactive. Hostility includes angry and impulsive behaviors, which are also reactive. It is possible that the deficits of this population lead them to misunderstand events and consequently display aggressive behavior. Research with this type of population shows that reactive aggression is linked to hostile attribution biases in ambiguous situations (Crick and Dodge 1996) and low tolerance to frustration (Vitaro et al.2002). These findings are consistent with the work of Berkowitz (1962), who observed that reactive aggression is the response to frustration or the perception of a threat. It is possible that an individual who is maladjusted would feel insecure and hence respond aggressively (Willaye and Magerotte 2003). Further research is needed to identify the characteristics of this maladjustment. However, we also observed the presence of proactive aggressive behaviors. Despite their deficiencies, it would appear that people with ID are able to develop an action plan to achieve their goals, which may involve various types of aggressive behavior. Indeed, our results indicate that bullying, relational and verbal aggressions are significantly more proactive than other forms of aggression.
Seclusion: A Patient Perspective
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2020
Silvia Allikmets, Caryl Marshall, Omar Murad, Kamal Gupta
This service evaluation, through the use of a questionnaire in a structured face-to-face interview, sought to qualitatively explore the patient perspective of seclusion before, during and after the intervention. The major driving factor of the experience was the influence of patient-professional communication, a lack of which often resulted in, i) physical aggression against patients, (ii) lack of social and psychological support and, (iii) the need for improving or replacing the practice of seclusion. These themes demonstrate the influence of patient-professional relationship in the acute management of hostility in psychiatric inpatients and encompass what patients consider inhumane treatment, as demonstrated in literature. The causes and processes of this behaviour may further find rationalisations in deep-rooted human behaviour, such as fear, self-defence and respect. Consequently, the patient-professional relationship suffers, as seen by the expected negative perception of the intervention. An unexpected finding was the amount of animalistic violence reported by the patients, raising questions regarding the implementation of guidelines and accuracy of reporting.