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The responses of professionals and relatives around death
Published in Peter Hutton, Ravi Mahajan, Allan Kellehear, Death, Religion and Law, 2019
Peter Hutton, Ravi Mahajan, Allan Kellehear
Grief is the natural emotional and social consequences of attachment and loss, whether this is loss of a limb, one’s country, one’s employment or marriage, or other crucial relationships important to identity and personal aspiration. Although there are many sources of personal loss, the term ‘bereavement’ refers specifically to the loss of an important relationship through death. The grief associated with loss after bereavement is widely acknowledged to be associated with a number of serious co-morbidities and mortalities. These consequences can be medical (e.g., arrhythmias, gastro-intestinal disorders, insomnia), psychological (e.g., anxiety, depression, sexual acting out) and social (e.g., lost work or school days, social isolation and loneliness, increased use of health services).7 The more serious consequences can follow, for example, the sudden death of a surviving spouse/partner, or suicide.8
Care Ethics and the Practice of Medicine
Published in Ruth E. Groenhout, Care Ethics and Social Structures in Medicine, 2018
Another reason why empathy is less useful for evaluating social structures is that the shape of the social structures themselves sometimes determines what counts as an empathetic response. In a society that provides little in the way of elder care, for example, caring children, acting out of empathy, would presumably do their best to care for their aging parents. But in a society with broad social support networks, the same actions might be evidence of an attempt to control one’s elderly relatives, and might not be a properly empathetic response at all. But if what can count as an ideally empathetic response is dependent on the social structures, it becomes difficult to use the test of idealized empathy as the measure of ethical acceptability.2
The Role of the Neuropsychologist in Life Care Planning
Published in Roger O. Weed, Debra E. Berens, Life Care Planning and Case Management Handbook, 2018
Provision of information to patients regarding their deficits is imperative but must be done in a respectful manner. In those individuals with appreciation of their deficits, there is often depression and mistrust (Lezak et al., 2004). In those individuals who exhibit anosognosia, which is a lack of awareness of deficits (or simply, “I don't know what I don't know”), informing their caregivers and others with whom they routinely interact of deficits may facilitate improved interpersonal relationships. Those individuals with brain injury and lack of self-awareness are at greatest risk for acting-out and self-injurious behaviors. This lack of self-awareness is not analogous to psychological denial. It is more often a function of frontal lobe/executive dysfunction or other brain lesion. These individuals may be at risk of engaging in illegal activities, either due to impulsivity and poor judgment or vulnerability to the influence of others. Because of deficits in executive functioning they may not recognize when others are taking advantage of them. Many of them have lost relationships with people they interacted with prior to the injury and due to loneliness are vulnerable in multiple environmental contexts.
The Unpopular Victims: Individuals Who Are Sexually Abusive – The Black Swans
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2023
An example of research overlooking possible dangerousness is a small longitudinal study (N=129) of adjudicated male youth (Ralph, 2015). In this study, 10.5% had a prior sex offense before the index offense that ensued placement out of the home. Almost 40% had multiple victims (average age of youngest victim = 8.0 years); 75.6% used force in their sex offenses. Findings related to program outcomes showed 20.6% “had an episode of significant sexual acting out,” which “violated the rules of the program and probation, and some could have been charged as crimes” (p. 4). These results are notably elusive, given no differentiation of youth who engaged in consensual sexual behaviors, and those whose sexual behaviors were abusive and “could have been charged as crimes.” Ralph’s use of the term “sexual acting out” is placatory. The Webster Dictionary (2022) defines “act out” as “behave badly;” thus “sexual acting out” connotes misbehavior, not sexual coercion, and Ralph’s use of the term for those who had aggressive sexual behaviors is a notable minimization of aggressive sexual behaviors.
Development and validation of the scale on staff valence under ICF-based practice (SSV-ICF)
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Phyllis King Shui Wong, Yu Cheung Wong, Cheuk Lun Kwan
The ratio of the direct support workers is generally high in the staffing establishment of the intellectual disability services in Hong Kong. Taking the 50-capacity residential service for people with severe intellectual disability as example, the ratio of professional staff to direct support workers is 9.5:11 [59]. In practice, direct support workers would be involved in the entire course of intervention (i.e. assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation) in which they take a particularly crucial role in acting out the rehabilitation/support plan together with service users. They are also the one who contact most with service users directly among team members. Results show that the SSV-ICF is also applicable for direct support workers which benefits organisations to get fuller understanding on the paces and readiness of both professional and support staff.
An Adolescent’s Use of Veterinary Medicines: A Case Report Exploring Addiction
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2021
Mark Mohan Kaggwa, Sympson Nuwamanya, Scholastic Ashaba, Godfrey Zari Rukundo, Sheila Harms
The impact of deliberate self-harm could explain the maintenance of her self-harming addictive symptoms. Specifically, repeated injection would necessarily lead to a pain response associated with an increase in endorphins, leading to a dopaminergic response (Taiminen et al. 1998). It is this neurochemical cascade that could have sustained the self-harm behaviors, focusing on pain and an associated endorphin release (Taiminen et al. 1998). This could also explain the euphoria and relief after injection. The injection could also have been a way to express the psychological trauma she went through (Saçarçelik et al. 2013). It is interesting to note that in Uganda, only the sickest patients require injectable medications, demonstrating a form of illness severity. Dynamically, the patient may have been acting out a need to be seen as severely unwell. Furthermore, the dynamic interpretation may also offer ideas about her own self-identity as being as worthless as a farm animal, thus treating herself as such. The preference to inject would also have been due to culture not preferring to cut on the exposed body parts, which are associated with witchcraft and bad omen. Despite having multiple injections sites on her thigh, none were septic possibly because of the broad-spectrum antibiotics in the mixture (Table 1) did not allow the development of sepsis in the region, the patient did not become medically ill from sepsis because of the same reason.