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Nutrition and eating disorders
Published in Joseph S. Sanfilippo, Eduardo Lara-Torre, Veronica Gomez-Lobo, Sanfilippo's Textbook of Pediatric and Adolescent GynecologySecond Edition, 2019
Providers should routinely monitor growth trajectories and BMI and assess for the presence of high-risk behaviors such as dieting or excessive exercise. The SCOFF questionnaire is a brief screening tool that is commonly used in the primary care setting for ED screening, although its use has only been validated in adults (Table 21.6). Positive answers to these questions should certainly prompt further investigation and referral.
Assessment of eating disorders
Published in Stephen Wonderlich, James E Mitchell, Martina de Zwaan, Howard Steiger, Eric F van Furth, Annual Review of Eating Disorders Part 1 – 2007, 2018
Marion P Olmsted, Traci McFarlane, Jacqueline Carter, Kathryn Trottier
The SCOFF Questionnaire (Morgan et al. 1999) is a screening tool that takes its name from the five dichotomous questions it poses (Do you make yourself Sick because you feel uncomfortably full? Do you worry you have lost Control over how much you eat? Have you recently lost more than One stone in a three-month period? Do you believe yourself to be Fat when others say you are too thin? Would you say that Food dominates your life?). Garcia-Campayo and colleagues (2005) assessed the performance of the Spanish version of the SCOFF in six primary healthcare centers in Spain. A total of 203 females with probable ED completed the SCOFF. A cut-off score of two or more positive answers, the same as that recommended in the original British study, resulted in 97.7% sensitivity and 94.4% specificity for the detection of ED in primary care. However, when the Italian version of the SCOFF was examined in 162 women seeking diet therapy, the results were not as positive. Internal consistency was low and the SCOFF had low specificity with cut-off scores of 2 and 3 (Siervo et al. 2005). These discrepant findings may relate to differences in language, culture, or the specific samples studied.
Eating Disorders during Pregnancy and Postpartum
Published in Jonna Fries, Veronica Sullivan, Eating Disorders in Special Populations, 2017
Maggie Baumann, Jessica Setnick
The SCOFF questionnaire, developed in the United Kingdom, is a screening and assessment tool clinicians and health professionals use to detect a possible eating disorder in anorexic and bulimic populations. It includes five questions designed to raise the suspicion that an eating disorder may be present. Setting the threshold at two or more “yes” questions provides 100% sensitivity for AN and BN. The SCOFF questionnaire is to be used as a screening tool, not as a diagnosis (Hill et al. 2010).
Eating disorder risk among college sorority and fraternity members within the United States
Published in Eating Disorders, 2023
Faith M. Doney, Jonathan Lee, Ani Sarkisyan, Emilio J Compte, Jason M. Nagata, Eric R. Pedersen, Stuart B. Murray
All participants reported demographic information (i.e., age, gender identity, race/ethnicity, weight, and height) and their degree program. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on self-reported weight and height (kg/m2). All participants completed the SCOFF questionnaire (Morgan et al., 1999), a five-item screener for ED psychopathology tabulating “yes” or “no” responses to questions such as “do you make yourself sick because you feel uncomfortably full?” and “would you say that food dominates your life?” Endorsement of two or more items is considered a positive screen for ED psychopathology, with adequate sensitivity (70–100%) and specificity (73–94%) for anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED) diagnoses (Luck et al., 2002; Maguen et al., 2018; Morgan et al., 1999). We, therefore, dichotomized total SCOFF scores to assess ED-risk, with values of two or higher being considered a positive ED screen, per previous publications.
Eating disorder risk identification through embedded electronic medical record prompting
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Beth Ann Kotarski, Jill Rodgers
The SCOFF questionnaire was developed by Dr. John Morgan and colleagues in England in 1999 as a brief screening tool for eating disorders.20 The tool provides sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 95% when used in a young adult female population.20,21 A SCOFF with two or more affirmative answers of the five-item questionnaire is considered to be positive, or at risk for eating disorder. All five questions are weighted equally. The ease of use of the tool makes it a viable choice for EMR embedment. Regardless of clinician eating disorder expertise, the tool is straightforward and allows for uniformity, thus aiding universal screening.
Disordered Eating: The Young Male Side
Published in Behavioral Medicine, 2018
Sabine Ammann, André Berchtold, Yara Barrense-Dias, Christina Akre, Joan-Carles Surís
The main strengths of this study are that it is based on a large representative sample of AYAs in postmandatory education and that it focuses exclusively on males. However, there are also some limitations. First, because of the study's cross-sectional design no causal relationship can be drawn. Second, as the survey results are based on self-reported questionnaire responses, bias cannot be excluded. Regarding weight status in particular, overweight or obese youth tend to underestimate their actual weight,71 which could lead to our underestimating results (although use of anonymous data collection should have minimized this problem). Third, an important limitation of the BMI should be considered. Indeed, it does not distinguish between body fat, muscle mass, or bone density. SCOFF[+] males considered as overweight or obese in terms of their BMI could in fact be muscular. That possibility would correspond to the muscularity concern common to males. Fourth, the GenerationFRee study did not include more specific male assessment such as a drive for muscularity that could have improved the present analysis.72 However, the initial aim of the GenerationFRee study was to focus on AYAs' lifestyle independently of gender. Fifth, the study did not assess disordered eating oriented toward gaining muscularity rather than losing body fat (termed muscularity-oriented disordered eating), although, at present, there is no validated and published scale that assesses this construct.73 Sixth, the SCOFF questionnaire is only a screening tool for disordered eating and cannot replace a clinician's diagnosis. However, the SCOFF questionnaire has a high sensitivity with few false positives.41