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Magnitude of the problem
Published in Kathleen M Berg, Dermot J Hurley, James A McSherry, Nancy E Strange, ‘Rose’, Eating Disorders, 2018
A number of self-report questionnaires have been developed to assess the presence and severity of abnormal eating attitudes and behaviors. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) is a 40-question self-report questionnaire (Garner and Garfinkel, 1979) that was probably the first screening device to measure the frequency and severity of symptoms common in anorexia nervosa. The Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT 26) is an abbreviated version (Garner et al., 1982) of the EAT that estimates the likelihood of a respondent having a clinically significant eating disorder based on the frequency and severity of attitudes and behaviors in the areas of dieting, bulimia nervosa and food preoccupation, and oral control. The Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI) (Garner et al., 1983) is another widely used screening tool and the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE) (Henderson and Freeman, 1987) is more recent and more specific to the detection of bulimia.
Epidemiology of eating disorders
Published in Stephen Wonderlich, James E Mitchell, Martina de Zwaan, Howard Steiger, Annual Review of Eating Disorders Part 2 – 2006, 2018
Ruth H Striegel-Moore, Debra L Franko, Emily L Ach
Previous reviews found that the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) (Garner and Garfinkel 1979) was the most commonly used screening instrument for detection of AN. Its wide use is consistent with reports that the EAT has excellent psychometric properties and is available in numerous languages (Garfinkel and Newman 2001). Jacobi, Abscal and Taylor recommended the Bulimia Test-Revised (Smith and Thelen 1984) or the Bulimia Investigatory Test (Henderson and Freeman 1987) for studies of BN or BED. The studies reviewed here employed a variety of screening instruments, making comparisons across studies difficult.
Are the obsessive-compulsive traits a moderator for the relationship between autism and anorexia? A cross-sectional study among university students
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Eating Attitudes Test (EAT): EAT is a self-report test which contains 40 items and was developed by Garner and Garfinkel (1979) in order to assess eating attitudes and behaviors. It is not a diagnostic tool, and it is used to screen anorexia nervosa. It uses six-point Likert-type scales from “Always” to “Never.” In the Turkish version of the test, in some questions, while scoring always, usually, and often the answers have been evaluated as “1” point, and other answers have been evaluated as “0” point. In other questions, the evaluation has been made the other way around. The total score has been obtained from the sum of all items. The lowest score that can be obtained from the test is 0, and the highest score is 120. The validity and reliability of the Turkish Form of EAT-40 has also been made. In original version of EAT-40 cutoff point was mentioned as 30 but no cutoff point was mentioned in Turkish reliability and validity study. In the validity and reliability study of the Turkish version, the mean score of EAT-40 is 23.08 (SD: 9.19) among 16 to 20 year-old participants and 17.79 (SD: 8.51) among 21 to 25 year-old participants.27
The clinical characteristics of Kleine–Levin syndrome according to ethnicity and geographic location
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2018
Saad M. Al Shareef, Aljohara S. Almeneessier, Richard M. Smith, Ahmed S. BaHammam
Eligible participants completed the Stanford KLS questionnaire in English during remission periods by interview with the patients and caregivers; the patients therefore mainly described their symptoms with some input from caregivers on occasion. The Stanford questionnaire includes 280 questions about the patient's personal and family history; KLS onset and course; triggers; symptoms during episodes including sleep, cognition, derealization, eating and sexual behavior, psychiatric symptoms and meningeal symptoms; responses to therapy; and characteristics during the periods between episodes including sleep, eating attitudes, depression and anxiety [14]. Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [21], which measures both anxiety and depression on a scale of 0–21, as follows: 0–7 = normal, 8–10 = borderline abnormal and 11–21 = abnormal. Eating attitudes were assessed using the Eating Attitudes Test-26 [22], which is a widely used screening test for eating disorders; in this test, a score of 20 or higher does not necessarily indicate pathology but does suggest that the individual should be evaluated further by a health professional. Daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, which is a validated questionnaire consisting of eight items that assess the likelihood of falling asleep during a variety of daily living situations [23]. Restless legs syndrome was diagnosed using the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group diagnostic criteria [24].
Perceptions of disordered eating and associated help seeking in young women
Published in Eating Disorders, 2018
Annamaria J. McAndrew, Rosanne Menna
Participants also completed the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26; Garner, Olmsted, Bohr, & Garfinkel, 1982), a self-report measure of symptoms characteristic of eating pathology. Items are rated on a 6-point scale ranging from 0 (never) to 3 (always). Total scores are computed by summing the scores for all 26 items. Using a cut-off score of 20 (Prouty, Protinsky, & Canady, 2002), the EAT-26 has been found to discriminate between women who satisfy eating disorder diagnostic criteria and those who do not (Mintz & O’Halloran, 2000). The EAT-26 has been found to have good internal consistency (Gleaves, Pearson, Ambwani, & Morey, 2014). In the present study, the EAT-26 was included to assess for concurrent validity with EDE-Q scores. Cronbach’s alpha for the total score was 0.83.