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Reducing Rumination: Getting Free from the Ghosts That Follow
Published in Brian C. Miller, Reducing Secondary Traumatic Stress, 2021
Simply put, in my operational definition, rumination is a continuation of stressful events through mental re-imagining that is distressing rather than problem solving. Rumination is “stress-stretching”, extending the stress reaction beyond the actual event. And since rumination is a cognitive event, our control of this stress-inducing phenomenon must also refer to cognitive skills.
The upper gastrointestinal tract, common conditions, and recommended treatments
Published in Simon R. Knowles, Laurie Keefer, Antonina A. Mikocka-Walus, Psychogastroenterology for Adults, 2019
Rumination syndrome refers to repetitive, effortless postprandial regurgitation of gastric contents that are either reswallowed or spat out. There is usually no (or minimal) nausea and no retching which distinguishes rumination from vomiting and the food brought up is not acidic, which distinguishes rumination from gastrooesophageal reflux. Rumination is caused by contraction of the abdominal muscles which increases intra-abdominal pressure and overcomes the lower oesophageal sphincter, causing food to rise through the oesophagus to the mouth. Although the muscles involved in increasing intra-abdominal pressure are under voluntary control, this contraction is habitual, and the patient is unaware. Diagnosis can be made on the characteristic clinical features and can be confirmed by measuring the pressures in the stomach and oesophagus during an episode. Treatment focusses on education as to the mechanism of the symptoms, behavioural interventions with abdominal wall relaxation, and diaphragmatic breathing. For more information about rumination syndrome see [30].
Interdisciplinary intervention in adolescents with rumination syndrome
Published in Clarissa Martin, Terence Dovey, Angela Southall, Clarissa Martin, Paediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2019
Anthony Alioto, Carlo Di Lorenzo, Michela I Parzanese
As described earlier, there is no single medical intervention that has proven efficacy in improving the rumination behaviour itself. Even so, there is a role for drug treatment in many patients with this condition. The use of medications can be beneficial in improving symptoms that either co-exist with or precede the act of rumination. Table 9.2 summarises the medications that we often use as adjuvants to the behavioural intervention. The medical team also focuses on the management of the patient’s fluids and tube-feeds, and works along with the team in determining the appropriate rate at which to reduce these as the patient makes progress with oral intake.
Emotion regulation strategies and difficulties in older adults: A systematic review
Published in Clinical Gerontologist, 2023
Alberto Sardella, Vittorio Lenzo, Giorgio Basile, Gabriella Martino, Maria C. Quattropani
In addition to the greater use of positive ER strategies, some retrieved studies found older adults using maladaptive ER strategies, which exposed them to increased psychological distress. A main finding was that the use of maladaptive ER strategies, such as expressive suppression, avoidance, and rumination, contributed to an increase in depressive and anxiety symptom severity in older adults. In addition, rumination was found to have a negative impact on daily functioning in older adults. Rumination is a cognitive process characterized by an unproductive and perseverative thinking on emotional experiences, and on their related causes and consequences (Brozovich et al., 2015). Interestingly, older adults with depressive symptoms and higher use of rumination were less engaged in leisure activities compared with older adults with depression with lower use of rumination. The frequency and the quality of leisure time, and active engagement in leisure activities, are acknowledged as relevant components of healthy lifestyle (Wang et al., 2012), and can reduce the risk of negative age-related outcomes in older populations (Sardella et al., 2020). Accordingly, use of adaptive and maladaptive ER strategies by older adults should be discussed not only in terms of risk of developing psychological distress, but also as factors able to promote (or not) the involvement in leisure activities.
Rumination and perceived social support from significant others interact to predict eating disorder attitudes and behaviors in university students
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2021
Abigya M. Birmachu, Lindsay Heidelberger, John Klem
Rumination is a construct that has been shown to impact the occurrence of EDAB. Rumination is defined as a tendency to repetitively think about one’s negative affect and the causes, consequences, and symptoms resulting from negative affect.8 The role of rumination in EDAB, specifically binge eating behavior, may be explained by the Emotional Cascade Model (ECM).16 Emotional cascades occur when an individual experiences negative affect and responds by vigorously ruminating on it.16 Such intense rumination increases one’s negative affect to the point where an individual must engage in a dysregulated behavior (eg binge eating), to relieve the rumination and its associated distress.16 One study indicated that induced rumination may increase the desire to binge eat in patients with bulimia nervosa and increase the desire to restrict food intake in patients with anorexia nervosa.17 While these findings shed light on the relationship between rumination and EDAB, the application of the ECM to dysregulated eating behaviors other than binge eating, such as dietary restraint, is limited and warrants further investigation.17 Moreover, rumination predicts body dissatisfaction18 and moderates the relationships between EDAB and body dissatisfaction,19 gender,20 perceived physical appearance,21 and perfectionism.22 However, little research has explored the moderating effect of rumination on PSS and EDAB.
Worry and Rumination Have Distinct Associations with Nighttime versus Daytime Sleep Symptomology
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2021
Joshua Tutek, Heather E. Gunn, Kenneth L. Lichstein
Evidence from the broader psychological literature suggests that there is indeed overlap between worry and rumination, in that both involve perseverative thinking characterized by self-focus and difficulty directing attention away from negative stimuli (Nolen-Hoeksema, Wisco, & Lyubomirsky, 2008). However, although the constructs are correlated, they are statistically distinguishable and serve different functions (Fresco, Frankel, Mennin, Turk, & Heimberg, 2002; Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 2008). Worry has been described as future-oriented, concentrating on the anticipation of uncertain, threatening circumstances that have not yet occurred (Borkovec, Robinson, Pruzinsky, & DePree, 1983). By contrast, rumination is a response to current distress that involves repeatedly going over past experiences to gain insight into problems while avoiding responsibility for taking action (Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 2008). Experimental inductions of worry tend to produce greater anxiety symptoms, whereas inductions of rumination tend to produce greater depression symptoms (McLaughlin, Borkovec, & Sibrava, 2007).