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Disorders of Keratinization and Other Genodermatoses
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Roselyn Stanger, Nanette Silverberg
Management: Patients should be educated that this is chronic. Although topical agents can help to improve the texture and roughness of the skin, as well as treat any itching or redness, it will likely remain with them throughout their lifetime. Patients should be instructed to follow a gentle skincare routine. Keratolytic agents (containing urea or lactic acid used twice a day) are routinely prescribed to help exfoliate plugs from the hair follicles. While patients are often asymptomatic, low- to mid-potency topical steroids (e.g., hydrocortisone 2.5% cream or triamcinolone 0.1% cream used twice a day for 1–2 weeks) can be used if erythema is present. Topical retinoids may help to reduce roughness (e.g., tretinoin); however, they can be irritating, which can further worsen the condition. Chemical peels can be used in some adults to smooth the skin more rapidly. When keratosis pilaris rubra faceii is present, vascular wavelength lasers can be used to reduce facial erythema.
Hand Augmentation Using Injectable Fillers
Published in Neil S. Sadick, Illustrated Manual of Injectable Fillers, 2020
Sachin M. Shridharani, Teri N. Moak, Trina G. Ebersole, Grace M. Tisch
Extrinsic factors of skin aging include sun exposure or photodamage, environmental or chemical exposure, and smoking. These largely manifest in the superficial skin layers of the hand as dyschromia, thinning of the epidermis, and textural changes related to dryness and roughness (1,10). Intrinsic factors of skin aging, however, affect deeper soft tissue planes, causing decreased skin elasticity, loss of collagen, loss of volume, and increased dermal vascularity, resulting in the presence of thinner, lax skin with notable rhytides (1,2). Volume loss is principally the result of fat loss in the hand (10). The progression of lipoatrophy causes a pronounced appearance of underlying hand structures such as veins, tendons, and joints (1,4,10). Bone remodeling and muscle atrophy exacerbate this process, leading to the characteristic skeletonized appearance of the aged hand (4). Other underlying conditions such as rheumatologic disease or skin cancers can accelerate the aged appearance of the hand as well (10).
Evaluation of the Dermal Irritancy of Chemicals
Published in David W. Hobson, Dermal and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
Changes in skin surface in the form of roughness and brittleness are common complaints of users of irritant substances. Gloxhuber and Schulz37 report research of others accomplished to determine a method of measuring these effects. The affected skin is stained with Primulin O and examined under a fluorescence microscope. Roughness of the surface can be well observed with this method, and a rating scale developed. Other dyes can also be used on the skin, with the quantity of dye retained being an indicator of the roughness. Reflectance measurements can also be made to quantitate the degree of roughness.
Ginkgo biloba leaves extract’s cosmeceutical evaluation: a preliminary assessments on human volunteers towards achieving improved skin condition and rejuvenation
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2023
Ahmed A. H. Abdellatif, Hamdoon A. Mohammed, Ali M. Al-Khalaf, Omar Khan, Mahmoud A. H. Mostafa, Rwaida A. Al Haidari, Hesham H. Taha, Riaz A. Khan
The human skin is a complex structure and have multiple functions. The reasons for skin damage are vague, but modern theories have described it due to stopping certain biological systems’ proper functioning that is related to and consequential to the skin damage and loss of proper functioning, moistening as well as youthfulness [21]. The skin’s natural and environmentally-acquired damage is characterized by irregular pigmentation, drying, roughness, loss of elasticity, and wrinkles formation. Other reasons are unsubstantiated, and the damage is due to the accumulation of damaged DNA formed from irregular oxidations, DNA methylation processes, etc. Skin damage is also caused by genetic and environmental factors and exposure to chemicals leading to roughness, irregular pigmentation, and decreased skin elasticity [22,23]. Nowadays, most cosmetic skincare products are claimed to provide moisturizing, rejuvenating, youthfulness, glow, and skin health, and are recommended for prophylactic use. Most people prefer to use these skin products [24,25].
Comparison of the effects of polynucleotide and hyaluronic acid fillers on periocular rejuvenation: a randomized, double-blind, split-face trial
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Ye Jin Lee, Hak Tae Kim, You Jin Lee, Seung Hwan Paik, Young Seon Moon, Woo Jin Lee, Sung Eun Chang, Mi Woo Lee, Jee Ho Choi, Joon Min Jung, Chong Hyun Won
The PN filler treatment showed a better effect than the HA filler treatment in terms of improving skin roughness and pores. The improvement rate of skin roughness after the treatments decreased over time in the HA group but tended to increase and maintain in the PN group. Significantly different tendencies were observed over time between the two groups. The HA group showed a short-term improvement due to the volume effect at W10, six weeks after the last treatment, and decreased later. The improvement rate of pore size also showed similar results. The effects on pores were maintained over a period in the PN group, although the effects in the HA group decreased continuously to a significant difference between the two groups at W16 and W28. Last, no significant differences in skin density was found between the two groups over time or at different time points.
A comparison of conventional and machinable PMMA materials for denture
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
G. Ravalec, L. Sadoun, G. Rohman, W. Pacquet, C. Hatege-Kimana, C. Hollmann, O. Desruelle, C. Wulfman
Limited roughness optimizes wettability and therefore has a positive influence on the retention quality of complete dentures. The threshold for roughness is defined by the patient comfort and the need to facilitate hygiene (Cortés-Sandoval et al. 2015). All three resins exhibited low roughnesses throughout the aging process, consistent with the initial polishing. The wettability of the complete dentures reflects the retention ability of the dentures (Jin et al. 2009). It should be noted that the use of Ringer's solution for this type of evaluation would have had little or no influence due to its protein-free composition. Indeed, wettability is mainly affected by the presence of protein elements. The different resins showed a hydrophilic behavior favorable to the retention of the prostheses. On the other hand, the oral environment is subject to significant changes in temperature and pH, as well as bacterial aggression. These elements remain to be taken into consideration in the aging process of complete removable prostheses whose life expectancy varies between 5 and 7 years (Rignon-Bret and Rignon-Bret 2002).