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Auditory Hallucinations and Religious Delusions
Published in Ragy R. Girgis, Gary Brucato, Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Understanding and Caring for People with Schizophrenia, 2020
Ragy R. Girgis, Gary Brucato, Jeffrey A. Lieberman
Residual schizophrenia is less a subtype of schizophrenia itself and more of a phase that people with the other four types of schizophrenia shift into when their condition is predominantly characterized by negative symptoms and cognitive deficits, as opposed to delusions, hallucinations, disorganization, or catatonia.
Clinical Theory and Skills EMIs
Published in Michael Reilly, Bangaru Raju, Extended Matching Items for the MRCPsych Part 1, 2018
Catatonic schizophrenia.Hebephrenic schizophrenia.Paranoid schizophrenia.Persistent delusional disorder.Post-schizophrenic depression.Residual schizophrenia.Schizotypal disorder.Schizoaffective disorder, depressive type.Undifferentiated schizophrenia.
Questions and Answers
Published in David Browne, Brenda Wright, Guy Molyneux, Mohamed Ahmed, Ijaz Hussain, Bangaru Raju, Michael Reilly, MRCPsych Paper I One-Best-Item MCQs, 2017
David Browne, Brenda Wright, Guy Molyneux, Mohamed Ahmed, Ijaz Hussain, Bangaru Raju, Michael Reilly
Answer: D. Residual schizophrenia involves an absence of prominent delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech or grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour. There is continuing evidence of disturbance with negative symptoms or two or more positive symptoms present in attenuated form. In disorganised schizophrenia, disorganised speech, disorganised behaviour and a flat or inappropriate affect are prominent. Catatonic schizophrenia is characterised by at least two of the following: motor immobility, excessive motor activity, extreme negativism, peculiarities of voluntary movement, or echolalia or echopraxia. Paranoid schizophrenia involves a preoccupation with one or more delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations. In undifferentiated schizophrenia the patient meets the core criteria for schizophrenia but criteria for the other subtypes are not met. [AH. pp. 155–7]
S100B protein: general characteristics and pathophysiological implications in the Central Nervous System
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2022
Ana Cristina Arrais, Lívia Helena M. F. Melo, Bianca Norrara, Marina Abuquerque B. Almeida, Kalina Fernandes Freire, Acydalia Madruga M. F. Melo, Lucidio Clebeson de Oliveira, Francisca Overlânia Vieira Lima, Rovena Clara G. J. Engelberth, Jeferson de Souza Cavalcante, Dayane Pessoa de Araújo, Fausto Pierdoná Guzen, Marco Aurelio M. Freire, José Rodolfo L. P. Cavalcanti
In sense of this, it is believed that elevations of S100B in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid in schizophrenic patients indicate activation of astrocytes or loss of oligodendrocytes (75–77). In a recent post-mortem stereological study, a higher density of S100B-positive cells was reported, identified mainly as astrocytes in the cortical regions of patients with paranoid schizophrenia. In addition, there was a loss of these cells, identified primarily as oligodendrocytes, in the adjacent regions of white matter in patients with residual schizophrenia (73). These findings were more pronounced in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and in the adjacent white matter. Furthermore, an increase in the levels of myo-inositol, an alleged gliosis marker, was identified in magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies in patients with increased S100B concentrations (78).
Real-world effectiveness of olanzapine and risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia in Brazil over a 16-year follow-up period; findings and implications
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Wallace Breno Barbosa, Rosângela Maria Gomes, Brian Godman, Francisco de Assis Acurcio, Augusto Afonso Guerra Júnior
From this national health database, patients were extracted who: (i) received one or more of the atypical antipsychotics including clozapine [Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code (ATC: N05AH02)], olanzapine (N05AH03), quetiapine (N05AH04), risperidone (N05AX08), and ziprasidone (N05AE04) [41]; (ii) were diagnosed with one of the following diagnoses [International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, tenth revision (ICD-10)]: paranoid schizophrenia (F20.0), hebephrenic schizophrenia (F20.1), catatonic schizophrenia (F20.2), undifferentiated schizophrenia (F20.3), post-schizophrenic depression (F20.4), residual schizophrenia (F20.5), simple schizophrenia (F20.6) or other schizophrenias (F20.8) and (iii) were prescribed atypical antipsychotics between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2014. The choice of these atypical antipsychotics was due to their availability through SUS. The period of entry into the cohort was established so that each patient was followed up for at least 12 months. The excluded patients were those who: (i) received atypical antipsychotics following other ICD-10 diagnoses; (ii) under the age of 18 and (iii) who have not received any atypical antipsychotic for at least six months. We subsequently principally concentrated on olanzapine and risperidone when assessing discontinuation and related factors as these were the most prescribed atypical antipsychotics. The date of entry into the cohort was defined as the date of the first record of dispensing an antipsychotic recorded in SIA between 2000 and 2014.
The relative efficiency of schizophrenia health care systems: an international comparison using data envelopment analysis
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2020
James Weatherall, Jacob Simonsen, Brian L. Odlaug
The output was disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per patient due to schizophrenia. A DALY is the sum of years of life lost (YLL) due to premature death (based on standard life expectancy) and YLD21. YLD includes a weight factor reflecting the severity of the disease on a scale from 0 (perfect health) to 1 (dead); the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used a weight of 0.59 for residual schizophrenia and 0.78 for acute schizophrenia4,21. The DALY is a useful summary measure of population health because it combines data on mortality and non-fatal health outcomes21. A related measure, disability-adjusted life expectancy (DALE), has been used as an output in several DEAs/frontier analyses of health care systems5.