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Unmasking features of the state of the epidemic
Published in Maria Łuszczyńska, Marvin Formosa, Ageing and COVID-19, 2021
Mariola Racław, Dobroniega Głębocka
The above directions of change seem to be contradictory. However, this is not necessarily the case. Protection and isolation tendencies can be applied en bloc under the state protectorate. At the same time, an alternative image of a healthy older citizen will be promoted, which may be difficult to achieve due to the post-COVID state of the national economy. Nevertheless, the message about protecting oneself against the risk of losing health and fitness as a citizen’s duty will be strengthened (Arnoldi 2009). This means that the absence of such actions will be judged as civic negligence and recklessness in relation to the individual regardless of the real possibility of dealing with the risks and uncertainties (Blaxter 2004). In this aspect, the support received in the local environment and the network of institutions, such as social assistance and social work, will be important.
Introduction
Published in Mélinée Kazarian, Criminalising Medical Malpractice, 2020
Several studies demonstrate that healthcare professionals do not enjoy the deference that the courts once showed them, and recent medical manslaughter cases have reinforced the perception that healthcare professionals are becoming more vulnerable to criminal liability for harm caused by gross negligence or recklessness.69 However, the 2018 Williams Review on GNM in healthcare, which looked ‘at prosecutions of health care professionals for gross negligence manslaughter since the Adomako70 case in 1994’, found that during that time, the deaths of 38 patients have led to GNM prosecutions of 47 healthcare professionals (37 doctors, nine nurses and one optometrist). Twenty-three of these healthcare professionals were convicted, with four prosecutions subsequently overturned on appeal.71
Correctional Health Care and Civil Rights
Published in Julie Dickinson, Anne Meyer, Karen J. Huff, Deborah A. Wipf, Elizabeth K. Zorn, Kathy G. Ferrell, Lisa Mancuso, Marjorie Berg Pugatch, Joanne Walker, Karen Wilkinson, Legal Nurse Consulting Principles and Practices, 2019
J. Thaddeus Eckenrode, Cynthia A. Maag, Mariann F. Cosby
Likewise, defining what constitutes indifference is also vague and must be resolved on a case-by-case basis. Generally, it involves conduct where the HCP seems to ignore an inmate or the inmate’s complaints. In that regard, if an HCP can establish that some level of care was provided, even if inadequate from a standard of care perspective, that likely will overcome most claims of indifference and would support summary judgment (a decision made by the court before trial) in favor of the allegedly indifferent defendant. Numerous cases have made it clear that negligence or inadvertence do not constitute deliberate indifference. Courts have held that deliberate indifference is equivalent to criminal-law recklessness, which is “more blameworthy than negligence” (Farmer v. Brennan 511 U.S. 825 1994).
Overdoses and deaths related to the use of ketamine and its analogues: a systematic review
Published in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2023
Tharcila V. Chaves, Bob Wilffert, Zila M. Sanchez
There is legitimate concern about the risks involving the use of ketamine and its analogues. Their dissociative effect increases vulnerability and recklessness, leaving its users more exposed to accidents and/or misguided decisions. Their misuse and chronic use can produce an assortment of symptoms: neurotoxicity, cognitive impairment, urinary tract damage, dependence and withdrawal issues. On the other hand, ketamine as a prescribed medicine is considered safe and it is listed as an essential medicine by the World Health Organization. Although prescribers must remain vigilant, this should not deter appropriate prescriptions. Finally, prevention and harm minimization campaigns are needed to alert people to the potential damage that can be caused by the acute and chronic use of ketamine and its analogues.
Is ‘invisible gorilla’ self-reportedly measurable? Development and validation of a new questionnaire for measuring cognitive unsafe behaviors of front-line industrial workers
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2021
Mahnaz Shakerian, Alireza Choobineh, Mehdi Jahangiri, Jafar Hasanzadeh, Mohammad Nami
Obviously, if working procedures and rules are ignored too repeatedly by workers, this would be converted into habitual recklessness contributing to a decrease in workers’ precision, attention and information processing which may result in more unsafe behavior, especially in industrial workplaces. In the literature, psychological theories represent a negative correlation between people’s decision-making on unsafe behavior and their risk perception [17]. In 1999, a model was also introduced to analyze unsafe behaviors with a glance on the generic error modelling system (GEMS) [18]. In order to analyze unsafe behavior based on a cognitive approach, the model of unsafe acts shown in Figure 1 (e.g., slips, memory lapses, mistakes and violations) seems to be more practical. Many studies have benefited from this model [19,20].
Interdependency of construction safety hazards from a network perspective: a mechanical installation case
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2020
Pin-Chao Liao, Zhonghua Guo, Tao Wang, Jing Wen, Chung-Han Tsai
Regardless of which standard analysis model is employed, most risk assessment methods are based on the hypothesis that accidents occur independently [20,21]. Heinrich [11] posited that hazardous behavior and environmental hazards in the working area are the main reasons that lead to construction accidents. Sawacha et al. [22] argued that construction accidents can be attributed to the following hazards: (a) workers lack knowledge and training; (b) construction site safety supervision is inadequate; (c) workers do not have safe conditions to perform their jobs; (d) workers themselves may be accountable (e.g., lapses of judgment, carelessness and/or recklessness). If one hazard is assumed to trigger others, the construction project will deteriorate owing to the bubble effect, where circumstances burst out of control and accidents occur [23]. Construction work is characterized by various types of complicated processes, which means that the association between hazards is crucial for project performance [21,24]. Interdependent concepts are needed to study the risk association structure. In recent years, many scholars have recognized the importance and universality of hazard correlations and quantified the hazard association with the help of large data analysis methods in order to explore the correlation mechanism of construction risk. However, there are still many deficiencies in existing research, which can be grouped into three main aspects described in the following.