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Act for Recovery
Published in Sandra Rasmussen, Developing Competencies for Recovery, 2023
Clinical application of behavioral psychology followed, especially the use of behavior modification in the 1940s and 1950s. Behavior modification relies on many principles of behavioral psychology including reinforcement, punishment, extinction shaping, fading, and chaining. Later in the 1950s, American psychologist Albert Ellis created rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT). REBT is an action-oriented approach to managing cognitive, emotional, and behavioral disturbances. REBT influenced the development of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) by Aaron Beck in the1960s (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) by Marsha Linehan in the 1970s, and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) by Steven C. Hayes in the 1980s. Key concepts from behavioral psychology that are used in behavioral therapies include systematic desensitization, exposure and response prevention, token economy, modeling, applied behavior analysis, and contingency management.
Recovery Programming
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Fredrick Dombrowski, Tom Alexander, Tricia L. Chandler
Given the empirical support obtained through rigorous scientific study of behaviorism, some twentieth-century clinicians believed that behaviorist assumptions and determinations were limited as humans were not animals and experienced thoughts despite an inability to objectively see, hear, taste, smell, or touch a thought. Aligning with the belief in the value of research regarding mental health treatment, as well as the need for changes in behavioral outcomes, early behavioral therapists combined cognitive aspects in their treatment. In Albert Ellis’s rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) and Aaron Beck’s cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), an individual’s thoughts and feelings ultimately determine their actions (David et al., 2018b). If clinicians could effectively challenge the distorted thinking of the client, the client would experience mood improvement, allowing them to select new and more effective behaviors as a response to a trigger. Using these new successful behaviors as a response to triggers causes the client to challenge and modify their core beliefs (Roychowdhury, 2016).
Incel Treatment Approaches
Published in Brian Van Brunt, Chris Taylor, Understanding and Treating Incels, 2020
These activating events are described in detail through the therapeutic approach called Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy. This approach to treatment was developed by Albert Ellis (2007) and is useful to assist clients in identifying irrational thoughts they have in response to these activating events. The REBT approach can be described in terms of A-B-Cs: Activating events, Beliefs about these events, and the Consequences of these beliefs. Assisting the incel to see his irrational and catastrophizing thoughts is the first step to helping him discover alternative ways to process the world around him. This process begins with the incel identifying upsetting events that experiences and labeling these “activating events.”
Literacy-Free 12 Step Expressive Arts Curriculum Enhances Engagement and Treatment Outcomes for Dually Diagnosed Substance Use and Mental Health Disorders
Published in Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2020
Melissa Davis Stuebing, Hjördis Lorenz, Lauren M. Littlefield
The incorporation of expressive arts is becoming more common in the United States. A study of 299 U.S. substance abuse treatment programs found that 36.8% utilize art and 14.7% incorporate music into their treatment (Aletraris, Paino, Edmond, Roman, & Bride, 2014). While it is becoming more widespread, there is insufficient quantitative research on the effectiveness of this practice. The current study quantitatively evaluates the effectiveness of a novel expressive arts curriculum as an intervention for dually diagnosed individuals. The curriculum is a literacy-free group counseling manual that incorporates cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) techniques. It explores the 12 Steps and psychoeducational topics through expressive arts activities in music, dance, drama, horticulture, games, art, and handicrafts.
Exploring the Effects of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy on the Irrational Beliefs and Self-Determined Motivation of Triathletes
Published in Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2019
Martin J. Turner, Helen S. Davis
REBT distinguishes itself from other cognitive-behavioral approaches to psychotherapy (such as cognitive therapy; Beck, 1976) by proposing that irrational and rational beliefs are at the center of emotional and behavioral functionality. In addition, in REBT there are four irrational beliefs—primary irrational beliefs (PIB; or demandingness), awfulizing (AWF), low frustration tolerance (LFT), and depreciation (DEP)—that are extreme, rigid, and illogical and four opposing rational beliefs—primary rational beliefs (or preferences), anti-awfulizing, high frustration tolerance, and unconditional self-acceptance—that are nonextreme, flexible, and logical (Dryden, 2009). Important to note, irrational beliefs are proposed to lead to dysfunctional emotions (depression) and maladaptive behaviors (withdrawal), whereas rational beliefs lead to functional emotions (sadness) and adaptive behaviors (express feelings to others; Dryden & Branch, 2008). As such, essential in REBT is the cognitive restructuring of irrational beliefs and the endorsement of rational beliefs.
An Idiographic Single-Case Study Examining the Use of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) with Three Amateur Golfers to Alleviate Social Anxiety
Published in Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2020
Martin J. Turner, David Ewen, Jamie B. Barker
Irrational beliefs are considered to lead to a broad range of dysfunctional emotions, including anxiety, depression, anger, guilt, and general psychological distress (Vîslă, Flückiger, Grosse Holtforth, & David, 2016). Past research has found that irrational beliefs are positively related to various forms of anxiety such as trait, state, speech, social, evaluation, and test anxiety. This research has been conducted across clinical and nonclinical samples (Deffenbacher, Zwemer, Whisman, Hill, & Sloan, 1986; Himle, Thyer, & Papsdorf, 1982) and, in general, phobic and obsessive-compulsive populations (Thyer, Papsdorf, & Kilgore, 1983). It is not surprising that the chief goal of REBT is to reduce irrational beliefs in favor of rational beliefs to alleviate emotion dysfunction and promote psychological well-being (Dryden & Neenan, 2015). The use of REBT in alleviating anxiety is well supported in literature (Gonzalez et al., 2004). The efficacy of REBT in reducing anxiety is also echoed in the sport literature, where numerous studies have demonstrated how anxiety can be reduced using REBT (Elko & Ostrow, 1991; Larner, Morris, & Marchant, 2007; Turner & Barker, 2013; Wood, Barker, Turner, & Sheffield, 2018; Yamauchi & Murakoshi, 2001). Although the evidence supporting the use of REBT to reduce anxiety in athletes and nonathletes continues to grow, the athletic performance-enhancing qualities of REBT remain under debate, with some authors highlighting that insufficient evidence exists to draw appropriate conclusions (Turner, 2016). Only one study has investigated the performance effects of REBT in athletes (Wood, Barker, & Turner, 2017), finding that an archer’s objective performance was augmented following seven sessions of one-to-one REBT, in which performance anxiety was also found to be reduced. Also, no study within the extant REBT research has explored specific anxiety about a certain skill. This is important because although anxiety can be generalized (e.g., trait anxiety), it has long since been recognized that golfers experience more acute bouts of anxiety concerning particular performance components such as missing a short putt or hitting a ball out of bounds (e.g., Cohn, 1991; Rotella & Bunker, 1981; Weinberg & Genuchi, 1980).