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Critical appraisal of qualitative studies
Published in O. Ajetunmobi, Making Sense of Critical Appraisal, 2021
Qualitative research principles also encourage the exploration of a research question multi-dimensionally, exhaustively and in its entirety, i.e. a ‘holistic’ approach that takes into account any relevant tangential, or satellite issues arising from the research. This is why a fair degree of flexibility and creativity is needed in qualitative methodology to collect all relevant data.
Ethical considerations in ethnography 1
Published in Paul M.W. Hackett, Christopher M. Hayre, Handbook of Ethnography in Healthcare Research, 2020
Jessica Schwarzenbach, Paul M.W. Hackett
Central theories inherent to qualitative inquiry recognize that all research is value-laden, that the research context is shaped by the research project, that multiple realities need to be taken into account, and that investigators explore their frequently unrecognized personal biases. Thus, qualitative research can be rife with ambivalence and uncertainty. Another fundamental aspect of qualitative methodology is the desire to explore the “why” underlying quantitative studies.
Negotiating multiple moral resources
Published in Mehrunisha Suleman, Islam and Biomedical Research Ethics, 2020
The qualitative methodology employed was ideal for capturing and further exploring issues involving Islam that participants offered as being morally problematic within their work. The study shows that most participants are able to address the day-to-day moral questions arising from their work in a pragmatic way, which combines their different moral resources to balance personal values and faith commitments alongside professional obligations to their research participants and the wider biomedical field/community. In terms of the broader field of bioethics, normative work to evaluate whether such contexts may benefit from incorporating religio-ethical training within the standard bioethical training may be considered. Also, the normative question arising from this study, whether culture ought to be identified as distinct from religion when the latter is appropriated to authorise the former, may build on existing universalism versus relativism discussions within bioethics. Similarly, by illustrating the complexity and personalised nature of ethical decision-making in such contexts, this study provides empirical insights into moral particularism and points to the need for further research to better understand the formulation of particularism within the Islamic context.
When Health Intersects with Gender and Sexual Diversity: Medical Students’ Attitudes Towards LGBTQ Patients
Published in Journal of Homosexuality, 2023
Zahra Fazli Khalaf, Jun Wei Liow, Sivalingam Nalliah, Andrew L. S. Foong
Qualitative methodology places importance on researchers’ role in the process of research. The researchers’ experiences and understanding of the phenomenon are important to be recognized, as their personal assumptions, social background, and professional experiences might affect the quality and validity of the research (Creswell, 2017). This study was motivated by the authors’ belief in equitable and humanitarian health care for all, especially after witnessing systemic and interpersonal discrimination exercised against marginalized populations in everyday socialization and in clinical practice. The authors consist of two professors trained in Health Psychology, one professor trained in Medicine, and student research assistant trained in Psychology, which accentuated this study’s focus on medical students’ attitudes toward LGBTQ patients in Malaysia. The research team’s religious identification covers Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, and Hinduism. The authors hold humanistic views toward LGBTQ issues and view LGBTQ rights as part of human rights; to have a “right to liberty, security, health, and equality, and to have freedom from discrimination” (United Nations, 2016). The authors acknowledge that their professional experiences and personal perspectives may potentially have affected the conduct of research and interpretation of data. However, several strategies were adopted to minimize researcher bias and ensure the objectivity and credibility of the research results. These strategies have been explained in the ‘research credibility’ section.
New-graduate physiotherapists’ training needs and readiness for telehealth
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Romany Martin, Allison Mandrusiak, Trevor Russell, Roma Forbes
Considering the many challenges of qualitative methodology, there are several limitations in this study which must be considered. As a result of previous training at a tertiary institution, the lead researcher (RM) was known to some of the participants. A secondary analysis was completed independently by another member of the research team (RF) with the aim of reducing this limitation. All transcripts were de-identification prior to analysis to further mitigate this risk. Participants were recruited from one geographic region of Queensland, Australia, which limits the generalizability of the finding to other settings. Irrespective of the reassurance given to participants regarding the de-identification of data, there may be bias in the data given the sensitive nature of employment. The methodology of phone interviews for the new-graduate participants must be considered as this removes non-verbal data collection and may have limited the results. The methodology of focus groups must also be considered, as the strength of group discussion can also be a weakness. Group discussion can result in participants actively withholding comments and the pressure to conform (Carey and Ashbury, 2012). To mitigate this limitation the facilitator of the focus groups (RM) ensured that all participants were given the opportunity to speak and encouraged respectful and diverse engagement.
Feminist research in a female-dominated profession: How can this lens help us to understand ourselves better in speech-language pathology?
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2022
Jemma Skeat, Stacie Attrill, Deborah Hersh
Through a qualitative methodology, feminist researchers can centralise the voice and experience of women, and reduce the power imbalance between researcher and participant in a way that quantitative research cannot (O’Shaughnessy & Krogman, 2012). In order to identify and acknowledge these power imbalances, feminist methodologies also make prominent the idea of reflexivity of the researcher- that is, the researcher’s positioning of themselves within the research, rather than trying to maintain objectivity as they would in quantitative research (Hemmings, 2012). Reflexivity, considered to be “a methodological tool for deconstructing power and co-creating knowledge throughout the entire research process” (Hesse-Biber & Piatelli, 2012a, p. 559), happens at the level of the self, in identifying ways in which our own experiences shape how we understand and view the world and the research we choose to undertake. It also happens at the level of the research itself, as the researcher and the participants consider the contexts that have shaped and are shaping the research and its findings (Hesse-Biber & Piatelli, 2012a).