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Toward a Cultural Psychology of African Americans
Published in Walter J. Lonner, Dale L. Dinnel, Deborah K. Forgays, Susanna A. Hayes, Merging Past, Present, and Future in Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2020
A cultural psychology must account in some way for the interplay between psychological processes and cultural dynamics. For African Americans, this means that the cultural symbols, tendencies, values, beliefs, patterned ways of thinking and feeling interact with the psychological adaptations to the experiences of oppression and “otherness” in a racialized world. An individual’s experience will to some extent reflect the distinctive pattern of his or her representation and internalization of these complex forces. The following account will describe how this dynamic interplay may aggregate toward a systematic pattern of culture-psyche interaction for African Americans.
Major Schools of Psychology
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
By the late 1980s, cross-cultural psychology had emerged in full force as large numbers of psychologists began studying the diversity of human behavior in different cultural settings and countries (Berry & Triandis, 2006). Social-cultural psychology focuses on the study of how different social situations and cultures influence thinking and behavior. Social-cultural psychologists focus on how people perceive themselves and others, and how people influence each other’s behavior, e.g., social psychologists found thatpeople are attracted to others who are similar to them in terms of attitudes and interests (Byrne, 1969);people develop their own beliefs and attitudes by comparing these opinions to those of others (Festinger, 1954);people frequently change their beliefs and behaviors to be similar to those of other people they care about, a process known as conformity. Research in social psychology focuses on topics, such as authority, obedience, and group behavior.
Supporting Identity Development in Talented Youth Athletes: Insights from Existential and Cultural Psychological Approaches
Published in Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2020
Francesca M. Champ, Noora J. Ronkainen, Martin A. Littlewood, Martin Eubank
Cultural Psychology is an inter-disciplinary approach that aims to explore how “cultural meanings, practices, and institutions influence and reflect individual human psychologies” (Snibbe, 2003, p. 4). It is still relative that Cultural Sport Psychology has entered, and been accepted in sport psychology (Blodgett et al., 2015). However, the intersection of sport psychology and culture is not a new one. In the 1990s, sport psychologists such as Duda and Allison (1990) and Danish et al. (1993) identified the importance of developing culturally informed sport psychology support methods. For example, the need to account for the impact of ethnicity and race on goal perspectives, perceived locus of control, and how athletes make sense of success and failure experiences when designing interventions. A central focus of CSP is on attaining a more contextualized understanding of marginalized voices and/or identities (see McGannon et al., 2015). More specifically, language, narrative and discourse are used to explore how identities are constructed and displayed within sporting environments (Douglas & Carless, 2009; McGannon & McMahon, 2019; Papathomas & Lavallee, 2014). CSP advocates that our identity is simultaneously personal, cultural and social (Champ, Nesti, et al., 2020).
Development of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) education for clinical psychologists: An example from Indonesia
Published in International Journal of Mental Health, 2020
Andrian Liem, Peter A. Newcombe
There are five limitations in this study. First, eight provinces of Indonesia were not represented and these may have cultural differences in CAM knowledge, attitude towards CAM knowledge, and educational needs of CAM. Second, the small representation of male participants (12.30%) might underestimate the real condition among male CPs in Indonesia. However, the current study does sufficiently reflect IPK’s database which reports CPs in only 29 provinces (of 34) and predominantly (73.18%) on Java Island, with only 13.60% males in their membership list. Third, self-selected participants may not accurately illustrate CPs without interest in CAM. Therefore, future research with randomized sampling might enrich current results. Four, despite the adequate instruments’ internal consistencies, the CAM knowledge in this study was based on participants’ self-rating that might not represent their actual knowledge. Therefore, objective CAM knowledge assessment might be used to complement this finding. Lastly, recommendations for CAM education in the present study might not be transferable directly to educational institutions teaching psychology and related psychology associations outside of Indonesia. But, the proximity of culture and psychology education history with Indonesia might be considered by Asian nations to adopt the recommendations. It will also be interesting to replicate the study in other nations using cross-cultural psychology approach to assess the outcomes of diverse cultures and psychology education in influencing clinical competence.
Differing Perspectives in Cross-Cultural Research
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2019
Another perspective comes from cultural psychology (Gendron, 2017). Cultural psychology focuses on cultural differences in thinking or cognitive styles and emotion perception. Studying emotion perception and reasoning across cultures is useful because it brings to light both commonalities in thinking across individuals with vastly different experience as well as extreme differences in cognitive processes and styles as a result of differences in enculturation. Gendron’s review (2017) addressed emotion perception and the long held assumption that emotion perception was bounded by underlying universality. Accumulating evidence suggests that cultures vary in what cues are relevant to perceptions of emotion. She reviews the conceptual and methodological problems that led to the mistaken notion of universality in emotion perception.