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All health begins at home in the community
Published in Ben Y.F. Fong, Martin C.S. Wong, The Routledge Handbook of Public Health and the Community, 2021
Air is essential to life and quality of air at home is of paramount importance to health, especially the respiratory system, of family members. The home, and all bedrooms, must be well ventilated to allow fresh, clean air in. A family may consider adding a humidifier or air purifier particularly when there are members with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or if the home is situated in a relatively polluted environment like in the proximity of factories, heavy traffic or construction sites. Keeping the air at a comfortable temperature is also a key to better sleep. Sleep is a vital element in children’s physical and psychological development. Deficient sleep quantity or poor sleeping quality is a general health concern with deleterious health effects (Carter et al., 2016). Keeping the home smelling nice is a priority for some homeowners, but some of the sweet-scented air fresheners, commonly containing volatile organic chemicals, may do more harm than good (Walsh, 2019). Moreover, in the daily living, the smog from cigarette smoking and combustion of cooking fuels in the home may affect domestic air quality.
Psychological Rehabilitation of COVID-19
Published in Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang, Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
Work analysis, also known as product analysis, is a method to analyze and study various works of the survey subject (make clear the overall population and samples), such as notes, assignments, diaries, articles, etc., to understand the situation, find problems, and grasp characteristics, and rules. This method helps to understand people’s knowledge, skills, techniques, attitude to things, intelligence, level of ability, etc. It can also reflect patients’ psychological development level, psychological characteristics, behavioral pattern, and psychological state.
The art and science of mindfulness
Published in Antonella Sansone, Cultivating Mindfulness to Raise Children Who Thrive, 2020
There are striking links between mindful awareness, secure attachment and right-hemisphere involvement outcomes. Allan Schore’s work on attachment and development, which brings together neurological, biological and psychological studies, emphasises the fundamental role of the right brain in emotional regulation, healthy physiological and psychological development and healthy development of the immune system (Schore, 2003a, 2003b). Schore writes of non-conscious right-brain to right-brain communications (non-verbal) between parent and infant, which develop regulation (or dysregulation when it is poor) of the autonomic nervous system. The right hemisphere plays an important role in the development of emotional intelligence, creativity, empathy, autobiographical memory and self-reflection. Interestingly, interdisciplinary studies of creativity propose the right-brain hemisphere as the seat of creativity. The baby and young child need the mother’s right-brain involvement in their interactions to thrive physiologically, neurologically and psychologically. She needs right-brain to right-brain communications to learn empathy; compassion; awareness of her own emotions, thus of others’ emotions; and self-reflection and to develop autobiographical memory.
“What kind of doctor do you want to become?”: Clinical supervisors’ perceptions of their roles in the professional identity formation of General Practice residents
Published in Medical Teacher, 2023
Pieter C. Barnhoorn, Vera Nierkens, Mattijs E. Numans, Yvonne Steinert, Walther N. K. A. van Mook
Supporting the development of a strong professional identity (PI) is a primary objective in specialist training programs (Cruess et al. 2014, 2015, 2016; Rees and Monrouxe 2018; Barnhoorn et al. 2019). Professional Identity—who we are as professionals—guides our behavior as professionals and is the cornerstone of professionalism (Monrouxe 2010; Rees and Monrouxe 2018). A weak PI is associated with poor resilience and burnout in junior doctors (Monrouxe et al. 2017). In contrast, a strong PI is associated with wellbeing, life satisfaction and professionalism (Monrouxe et al. 2017). Supporting the development of a PI, aligned with the values and norms of the profession, is increasingly highlighted in medical education (Holden et al. 2012; Cruess et al. 2014; Sternszus et al. 2020). More recently, identity and its formation have become of even greater importance because of the dramatic change in both health care and medical education with the emergence of COVID-19 (Daniel et al. 2021). Professional identity formation (PIF)—the development of professional values, actions and aspirations (Cooke et al. 2010)—is a process at two levels. At the individual level it involves a person’s psychological development; at the collective level it involves a socialisation process (Jarvis-Selinger et al. 2012). The renewed emphasis on PIF redirects medical educators to focus on the socialisation process, in which learners come to ‘think, act, and feel like physicians’ (Cruess et al. 2014, 2015, 2019).
The Unpopular Victims: Individuals Who Are Sexually Abusive – The Black Swans
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2023
The well-known Adverse Childhood Experience (ACEs) study (Felitti et al., 1998) has established that experiencing ongoing trauma produces longstanding problems that compromise health and psychological development. These problems also contribute to a discernible lack of empathy and lethargy of intimacy (i.e., apathy and non-responsiveness) (Miccio-Fonseca, 2018). Felitti et al. categorized ACEs as including abuse, neglect, and other household dysfunction (e.g., substance abuse, mental health problems, domestic violence, and criminal behavior). The ecology of such home environments is not fertile ground for promoting trust, respect, and feeling valued. The familial ambience is apt to manifest a deficiency of overall attentiveness, with parents and/or other caregivers failing to attend to specifics of the immediate environment (i.e., inadequate and unsafe shelter; inadequate clothing for the child) and creating significant risk factors for persistent coarse sexual improprieties that reflect an unsophisticated awareness of psychosexual conditions, environments, or social situations and/or sexually abusive behaviors that fall along a coercion continuum of low, moderate, high, or very high (lethal) risk. This applies to youth who are sexually abusive who are either adjudicated or non-adjudicated.
Sex differences in maturation and aging of human personality on the basis of a recently developed complex hierarchical model of temperament and character
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2022
Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, Xenia Gonda
There have been few comprehensive theories of psychological development that have fully covered the period of adulthood. The broadest approaches have been those of Erikson and Baltes (Erikson 1985; Baltes 1987, 1997; Baltes et al. 1999; Baltes and Smith 2004). According to Eriksson, the intimacy crisis is the primary psychosocial issue at a young age while the primary issue of middle age is generativity versus stagnation The empirical testing of Erikson’s ideas unveiled a process of continuous reorganisation (Whitbourne et al. 1992; Van Manen and Whitbourne 1997) which is in principle in accord with our results. On the other hand, Baltes’ selection, optimisation, and compensation (SOC) theory focuses on gains and losses which occur at every life stage, but in old age losses far exceed the gains. Baltes considers evolutionary development incomplete for the very last stage of life, and we agree with this. A third approach is Schaie and Willis’ Stage Theory of Cognition which proposes eight adult stages on the basis of different uses of intellect (Schaie 1988; Carstensen 1998; Schaie et al. 2004; Schaie 2008, 2016). This is in partial agreement with our model since one of the characteristics of the Temperament, Character and Personality Model proposed in this paper is the frequent admixture of affective and cognitive mechanisms in the same module of psychological function. Essentially ‘pure’ models are the exception rather than the rule. It has been shown since decades that the affective state influences the retrieval of memories and the processing of environmental stimuli (Bower 1981; Blaney 1986; Matt et al. 1992).