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MRCPsych Paper A1 Mock Examination 4: Answers
Published in Melvyn WB Zhang, Cyrus SH Ho, Roger Ho, Ian H Treasaden, Basant K Puri, Get Through, 2016
Melvyn WB Zhang, Cyrus SH Ho, Roger CM Ho, Ian H Treasaden, Basant K Puri
Explanation: Psychogenic amnesia is part of the dissociative disorder consisting of a sudden inability to recall important personal data. The amnesia may be localized or generalized. The amnesia may be selective or continuous. The clinical presentation is usually atypical and cannot be explained by ordinary forgetfulness. It is associated with indifference and has a highly unpredictable course.
Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Concussion
Published in Rolland S. Parker, Concussive Brain Trauma, 2016
When only mental symptoms are involved, the addition of somatic phenomena such as conversion and hysteria is controversial. Conversion phenomena may mimic somatic illness. Childhood trauma, psychological needs, conflicts, or an inability to cope can be central (“splitting of the ego”), although neurological and psychiatric pathology is also present. While dissociated affects, fantasies, memories, and so on are removed from consciousness, they may be later recalled or manifest ongoing effects, such as an ego-alien disturbance of sensorimotor function (Loewenstein, 1991; Nemiah, 1991). However, the association of phobic anxiety and panic attacks with depersonalization (Steinberg, 1991) is more common after head injury. Furthermore, the characteristics offered for psychogenic amnesia (PA), which include the inability to recall certain important information, overlaps with cerebral trauma (retroactive amnesia and PTA).
Neurologic Disorders in Film
Published in Eelco F.M. Wijdicks, Neurocinema, 2014
Two types of amnesia occur after traumatic head injury. Anterograde amnesia is typically impaired new learning and forgetting. Retrograde amnesia is deficits in memory storage or retrieval. Psychogenic amnesia is not restricted to a single event (usually hours before the event), but involves a large part of the past. (It often affects young people.) This memory deficit may last for years. These patients are unable to recall information before the onset of the event, but anterograde memory is intact. Many may have sudden loss of the ability to read or write or use the telephone.
Hypnotizability and the Natural Human Ability to Alter Experience
Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2021
In the West, the small proportion of highs who rigorously practice their ability to alter experience differ in four ways from those who practice musical, mathematical, athletic, or artistic skills. First, fantasy-prone highs and dissociating highs practice their skills in solitude; they hide their ‘autohypnotic’ activities when they are in public. Second, their ‘autohypnotic’ skills have become autonomous. As is the case with all procedural routines (and conditioned responses), ‘autohypnotic’ procedural routines and responses are exercised without thought or conscious intention. Third, fantasy-prone highs and dissociative highs may be unaware that they are doing it (i.e., that they are causing their fantasies or dissociative events). Fourth, dissociative highs may be both unaware that they are doing it and unaware that some of their ‘autohypnotic’ actions are occurring. This may be true for individuals diagnosed with psychogenic amnesia. Specifically, it is theorized that psychogenic amnesia is sustained by reflexive, procedural, ‘autohypnotic’ actions (of which the person is unaware) that prevent unacceptable memories – that are often activated by current mental or environmental cues (Ehlers et al., 2002; Tulving & Thomson, 1973) – from emerging into conscious awareness.
Psychosocial Effects on US Government Personnel of Exposure to the 1998 Terrorist Attack on the US Embassy in Nairobi
Published in Psychiatry, 2021
Josh M. Raitt, Samuel B. Thielman, Betty Pfefferbaum, Pushpa Narayanan, Carol S. North
Table 4 presents bombing-related posttraumatic stress symptoms individually and by symptom group criteria. The most prevalent symptom in the full sample was intrusive memories in more than half, and the least prevalent symptom was psychogenic amnesia, reported by 6%. Symptom group criteria B and D were each met by more than half of the sample, and criterion was C was met by about one-fourth. More Kenyans than Americans met criterion B. Compared to Americans, Kenyans had higher total numbers of posttraumatic stress symptoms (mean = 5.96, SD = 5.39 vs. mean = 3.75, SD = 4.66; t = 2.60, df = 177, p = .010; not shown in table) and higher symptom counts in groups B and C.