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Overcoming Chronic and Degenerative Diseases with Energy Medicine 1
Published in Aruna Bakhru, Nutrition and Integrative Medicine, 2018
In his classic treatise entitled Principles of Mental Physiology, William Carpenter (1875) had suggested that our brains process information through two parallel tiers, one conscious and the other unconscious. Freud pointed out that much of our mental activity is unconscious. In the province of the mind, consciousness is the visible sentient tip of the iceberg (Figure 27.9). “Preconscious” is a term used in Freudian psychoanalysis to describe thoughts that are unconscious at a particular moment, but are not repressed and therefore are readily available for recall and easily “capable of becoming conscious”—a phrase attributed by Sigmund Freud to Joseph Breuer (Freud 1991).
Theory of psychodynamic psychotherapy
Published in Patricia Hughes, Daniel Riordan, Dynamic Psychotherapy Explained, 2017
Patricia Hughes, Daniel Riordan
To give meaning to mental events (feelings, symptoms and behaviours), Freud postulated the existence of thoughts in the patient’s mind which are unconscious but which can affect his conscious mind and behaviour. It may be preferable to think in terms of different levels of consciousness and to use the word ‘unconscious’ as an adjective rather than a noun. We can identify three kinds of unconscious thoughts. Something may be unconscious because it is not thought about at a particular moment in time – for example, what you had for lunch last Sunday.It may be unconscious because it is a painful memory, which has been consciously suppressed rather than remembered – for example, the exam viva that went badly. Freud used the word ‘preconscious’ to describe these levels of unconscious thought, which are available to the conscious mind if we choose to look at them.It may be unconscious because it has been unconsciously repressed and therefore cannot be recalled at will. Freud suggested that an idea or a memory may be extremely painful to us, or may conflict with our view of ourselves in such a way that it would cause acute anxiety or guilt if it were acknowledged. From his experience as a doctor, Freud observed that repressed feelings could cause physical as well as psychological symptoms.
Psychodynamic approaches with individuals
Published in Chambers Mary, Psychiatric and mental health nursing, 2017
Angela Cotton, Dina Poursanidou
The topographical metaphor of an iceberg has been employed to understand the relationship between the conscious, the preconscious and the unconscious. The largest aspect is the ‘underwater ice’: the ‘unconscious is a particular realm of the mind with its own wishful impulses, its own mode of expression and its particular mental mechanisms which are not in force elsewhere’6 (p.249). The preconscious, which contains thoughts and memories which are accessible to us, and the conscious, all of the thoughts and feelings we are aware of at a given time, are both thought to interact with, and be influenced by, the deeper inaccessible unconscious.
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Effectiveness of Cognitive-Reminiscence Therapy among Jordanian People with Major Depressive Disorders: A Mixed Methods Study
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2023
Mutasem Al-Omari, Abdallah Abu Khait
One of the most influential cognitive theories that explains and clarifies the cause of depression is Beck’s cognitive model (1976), which designs one of the most effective ways to treat depression. The main parts of the cognitive model are negative automatic thoughts (NATs) (cognitive errors), schemas (core beliefs), the cognitive triad (a negative view of self, world, and future), and negative dysfunctional behaviors (Pössel & Black, 2014). Negative automatic thoughts include a conscious or preconscious cognitive process that presents irrational and rigid conclusions without evidence (Beck & Beck, 2011). The negative cognitive triad (negative thoughts about oneself, the world, and the future) reflects these thoughts, which cause negative emotions and maladaptive behaviors. These NATs and schemas result from specific past life experiences and rigid thoughts and beliefs about oneself, the future, and the world.
Ernst Brücke and Sigmund Freud: Physiological roots of psychoanalysis
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2022
Freud wanted to evaluate things in their totality. Therefore, his first attempt was always to find the limits of possibilities. Freud tried to find the limits of possibilities and placed his subjects on a scale of possibilities. There were social limitations, on the one hand, and natural limitations, on the other. The natural limitations for Freud were two-fold. They were either physiological or biological. They were natural sciences in equal dignity. However, there was a change in the weight of Freud’s usage of biology and physiology over time, especially after 1914 (Yılmaz 2021b). The decline in physiological principles for biological ones indicates a need for a more qualitative framework (Rodeheaver 1980, 163–64). Freud clearly expressed this need: What is unsatisfactory in this picture—and I am aware of it as clearly as anyone—is due to our complete ignorance of the dynamic nature of the mental processes. We tell ourselves that what distinguishes a conscious idea from a preconscious one, and the latter from an unconscious one, can only be a modification, or perhaps a different distribution, of psychical energy. We talk of cathexes and hypercathexes, but beyond this we are without any knowledge on the subject or even any starting-point for a serviceable working hypothesis. (S. Freud 1986n, 97)
Apophenic Reading and the Politics of Psychoanalysis
Published in Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 2022
When Freud writes about his theory of the unconscious, he takes care to distinguish it from “the unconscious of philosophers”: “By them the term is used merely to indicate a contrast with the conscious: the thesis which they dispute with so much heat and defend with so much energy is the thesis that apart from conscious there are also unconscious psychical processes.” Freud’s theory actually goes much further than this: There are “two kinds of unconscious” (1955c, p. 614; italics added). There is the unconscious that is wholly inaccessible to consciousness, and there is the preconscious (Pcs.), which consciousness has access to. The preconscious is like the entrance-way or foyer between the unconscious (Ucs.) and consciousness (Cs.). The Pcs. has a selectively permeable membrane: Things perceived or learned in consciousness may enter the Pcs. and stay there as short- or long-term memory. These are things you know, but aren’t thinking about right now. They can be recalled, and brought back into consciousness either spontaneously or at will. Unconscious drives and wishes may also push up against the Pcs. membrane; while unconscious material doesn’t exactly make it through, its imprints and echoes register in the Pcs. and show up to consciousness as a slip, remembered dream, or repetition.