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Personality and stress
Published in Tony Cassidy, Stress, Cognition and Health, 2023
Traditional personality theory was challenged effectively through the person-situation debate brought to the fore by Mischel (1968) in his book Personality and Assessment. Essentially the argument from Mischel and others in what became the interactionist perspective in psychology was that the assumption that traits are stable over time, and situation is not supported by the evidence. We do not have the space to cover a general critique of personality in this text, but underpinning our discussion will be a general acceptance of the interactional view. While being critical of the assumptions of temporal and situational stability and the biological reductionism inherent in many traditional personality theories, the author would argue that we should not ignore what has been already discovered. Many of the concepts which currently abound are not new but simply reinterpretations of older concepts. The history of psychological theory is strewn with examples of throwing the baby out with the bathwater and reinventing the wheel.
Sexual Pleasure Matters – and How to Define and Assess It Too. A Conceptual Framework of Sexual Pleasure and the Sexual Response
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2023
Marlene Werner, Michèle Borgmann, Ellen Laan
The question whether self-report trait-assessments assess traits in the loose sense as tendencies for experience or whether they allow us to infer traits in the strict sense as internal causes of experience has long been discussed by personality psychologists (e.g., DeYoung, 2015; Fleeson, 2001; Mischel, 2009). This discussion about operational definitions relates back to the conceptual question whether behavior in the moment (state) or across moments (loose traits) is a result of the person (traits in the strict sense) or situations (qualities of stimuli) (Fleeson & Noftle, 2008; Mischel, 2009). In our conceptual framework, we follow the interactionist perspectives within the person-situation debate (Schmitt & Blum, 2020), namely that differences in (the tendency to experience) state sexual pleasure (traits in the loose sense) are a function of the inter-individual differences in the capacity to experience sexual pleasure (the person; traits in the strict sense) and differences in the contextual likelihood to encounter rewarding sexual situations (the situation; e.g., qualities of stimuli).
Hello from the Other Side: Can We Perceive Others’ Darkness? Observers’ Accuracy of the Dark Triad
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2021
Lena Lämmle, Fridtjof W. Nussbeck, Matthias Ziegler
From the 1960s until the 1980s, personality research based on ratings was confronted with several challenges in which other-ratings of personality traits played an important role (Kenrick & Funder, 1988): The identification of perceptual errors (e.g. the fundamental attribution error or the false consensus effect; McAbee & Connelly, 2016) and the person-situation debate (Lucas & Donnellan, 2009) may serve as examples of two prominent challenges. The core of the debate concerned observers’ accuracy in making trait judgments. Most commonly, accuracy refers to the convergence between other-ratings and a target’s self-ratings (Funder, 1995). The most pertinent questions addressed what attributes the most accurate judges have, how accuracy is affected by situational variations in the target’s behavior, and whether accurate judgments are even possible at all (Connelly & Ones, 2010). An entire body of research sought to provide answers to these questions.