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Measurements of Depression and Anxiety Disorders
Published in Siegfried Kasper, Johan A. den Boer, J. M. Ad Sitsen, Handbook of Depression and Anxiety, 2003
Dean F. MacKinnon, Hoehn-Saric Rudolf
Use of different scales allows better appreciation of the various clinical dimensions of a specific anxiety disorder. For panic disorders, the available instruments include the PanicAssociated Symptom Scale [41], the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) [42], and Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) [43]. For social phobia, the available instruments include Lie- bowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) [44], the Brief Social Phobia Scale (BSPS) [45], and the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI) [46]. For obsessive-compulsive disorders, the available scales include: the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) [47], and The Leyton Obsessional Inventory [48], and the Mausley Obsessional Compulsive Inventory [49]. Finally, instruments assessing the post-traumatic stress disorder that we describe in this chapter are Impact of Event Scale (IES) [50], the Mississippi Scale (MSS) [51], the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) [52], and the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) [53].
Panic Disorder
Published in Stephen M. Stahl, Bret A. Moore, Anxiety Disorders: A Guide for Integrating Psychopharmacology and Psychotherapy, 2013
Meredith E. Charney, M. Alexandra Kredlow, Eric Bui, Naomi M. Simon
The DSM–IV–TR (APA, 2000) considers PD with and without agoraphobia as two separate diagnoses. Agoraphobia is defined by the following three criteria: (A) there is anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or in which help may not be available in the event of having a panic attack or panic like symptoms; (B) the situations producing this anxiety are avoided, endured with marked distress, or require the presence of a companion; and (C) the anxiety or avoidance is not better accounted for by another mental disorder. Some examples of typical types of situations that may be associated with anxiety and avoidance in individuals with agoraphobia include far travel, being in crowded trains or buses, airplanes, driving in traffic, haircuts, long lines, and, in more severe cases, leaving the house unaccompanied. Further, patients may become fearful of physical sensations that are reminiscent of their panic attacks and avoid activities that replicate sensations such as exercise or being in a warm place. The presence or absence of agoraphobia is significant, as symptom severity, impairment, and comorbidity vary considerably. Symptom severity tends to be higher in panic patients with agoraphobia, demonstrated by higher scores on the Panic Disorder Severity Scale than those for non-agoraphobic panic patients, and greater levels of situational avoidance can clearly impact social and occupational functioning (Kessler et al., 2006). However, the presence or absence of agoraphobia does not seem to affect treatment outcomes (Furukawa, Watanabe, & Churchill, 2006; Gould, Otto, & Pollack, 1995).
Evidence that Relationship Quality, Social Support, and SSRI Use Do Not Account for the Shared Underlying Relationships among Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Female Sexual Dysfunction
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2020
Kyle Ting Kwan Wong, Miriam K. Forbes
The Panic Disorder Severity Scale Self-Report (PDSS-SR; Newman, Holmes, Zuellig, Kachin, & Behar, 2006) is a 24-item self-report measure for symptoms of panic disorder, based on the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, which has been shown to have high internal consistency (internal consistency in the current study was α = .85) as well as strong construct and criterion validity (Newman et al., 2006). Participants are asked questions regarding their experience of panic attacks and the effect of the symptoms on their daily functioning (e.g., “How many panic and limited symptoms attacks did you have during the last two weeks?”). The definition of the term “panic attacks” is provided at the start of the questionnaire to provide clarity in completing this measure.
Long-term effects of internet-supported cognitive behaviour therapy
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2018
Gerhard Andersson, Alexander Rozental, Roz Shafran, Per Carlbring
Ruwaard et al. [13] conducted a controlled trial on ICBT for panic symptoms, and included a 3-year follow-up. The treatment program lasted for 11 weeks, and included components like psychoeducation, awareness training, applied relaxation, cognitive restructuring, and (interoceptive) exposure techniques. Initially, 58 participants were included and randomized to either treatment (n = 31) or waiting list (n = 27). For the 3-year follow-up, they collected data from 47 treated participants (pooling the two groups), yielding a 81% response rate in terms of completing the measures. Primary outcome measures were the self-rated version of the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS-SR) [27] and a 1-week Panic Diary. We focused here on the PDSS-SR. The score on that measure decreased from 8.6 (SD = 5.0) at pretreatment to 5.5 (SD = 4.0) at post-treatment, and then to 4.0 (SD = 4.7) at 3-year follow-up. Negative effects were not reported.
Psychometric analysis of the Swedish panic disorder severity scale and its self-report version
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2019
Martin Svensson, Thomas Nilsson, Håkan Johansson, Gardar Viborg, Sean Perrin, Rolf Sandell
The Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) [5] is the most widely used, clinician-administered measure of PD severity. The 7-item scale assesses the frequency of panic attacks, distress during panic attacks, anticipatory anxiety, agoraphobic fear and avoidance, body-sensation fear and avoidance, and impairment in work and social functioning on 5-point scales (0–4). In 2002, a self-report version of the scale was developed (PDSS-SR) [6]. The items are identical but the time frame for the ratings (past month for the interview and past week for the self-report) was changed.