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Homeless youth: don’t let them run away from help
Published in Panos Vostanis, Helping Children and Young People Who Experience Trauma, 2021
Because of the strong chance that mental health problems will be concurrent with drug and alcohol abuse, acting as both cause and effect, there are similarities in interventions used, setting joint outcome objectives, and accessing dually skilled staff. If these services are to be provided separately, their remits should be clear and closely linked, in order that the young person engages and benefits, and for resources to be used efficiently. Such interventions focus on knowledge, attitudes and skills to minimise adverse consequences. Motivational interviewing and its variation of brief motivational therapy is a non-judgemental, goal-directed type of counselling that aims at changing behaviours by helping young people realise and work through their mixed emotions on these behaviours, and by unravelling their inner motivation for change by drawing on their own strengths. This has the advantage of being provided at drop-in centres, from street workers, and for one session. It has been found to reduce illicit drugs use and offending behaviours; target anger; protect from domestic violence and sexually transmitted diseases; and encourage service utilisation. Young people who are particularly at risk can be identified through a number of established predictors such as relation with injectors, parents’ substance abuse, drug use patterns, or survival sex to pay for the drugs. Peer-led programmes have also been shown to have good outcomes.
Lacrosse
Published in Ira Glick, Danielle Kamis, Todd Stull, The ISSP Manual of Sports Psychiatry, 2018
Adjustment depression is often seen in persons with social isolation and chronic low self-esteem from school failure, bullying, or parental absence or neglect. It is usually triggered by a loss of a key relationship, poor lacrosse performance with a demotion, an injury with significant lost practice or playing time, or transition out of lacrosse. Typical symptoms include ruminations and worrying, pessimism, sadness/disappointment, self-criticism, crying spells, poor appetite, irritability, low energy and motivation, poor concentration, insomnia, and thoughts of self-harm. Treatment consists of working through the stressors or transition, increasing social support and morning activity/nutrition, providing alternative perspectives and positive affirmations, and improving unwinding routines and sleep. Supportive or motivational therapy on a weekly or twice-weekly basis should focus on symptom reduction, especially insomnia and self-blame/criticism, identifying options and solutions, developing positive routines, and connecting with supportive teammates and family members. Medications are typically used if symptoms persist despite therapy and support and include SSRIs or SNRIs for symptom reduction and zolpidem as needed for persistent insomnia (McDuff, 2012a, 2016). Some players with more severe symptoms or a recurrent adjustment depressive reaction may have experienced early childhood loss or neglect/abuse and may need longer-term therapy and maintenance medication.
Chemical-Dependency Treatment with Traumatic Brain-Injured Clients
Published in Gregory J. Murrey, Alternate Therapies in the Treatment of Brain Injury and Neurobehavioral Disorders, 2017
Duane A. Reynolds, Gregory J. Murrey
Disability strategies are a type of motivational therapy that relies on motivational-interviewing techniques to support the client. Disability strategies are also client centered with the focus of treatment being on relapse containment. It is basically a "harm-reduction" model as opposed to an "abstinence-based" model. Insight is not as important as lifestyle analysis. Treatment focuses on the cues and triggers in the client's environment, the client's beliefs about substance use, and beliefs about the client's disability and his or her awareness of deficits. Using this strategy, the therapist also must ascertain the client's preferred learning style and what accommodations need to be made so that he or she can progress in treatment. For example, clients with word-recognition deficits would need individual verbal therapy sessions and tape-recorded assignments as opposed to worksheets and written assignments.
The role of the therapeutic alliance on pain relief in musculoskeletal rehabilitation: A systematic review
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2018
Ana Carolina Taccolini Manzoni, Naiane Teixeira Bastos de Oliveira, Cristina Maria Nunes Cabral, Natalia Aquaroni Ricci
Future studies should provide therapist training techniques, moderator analysis, and development of questionnaires in the field of work alliance and physical rehabilitation to verify what really helps to improve the therapeutic alliance between physiotherapists and their patients. It is important that research focuses on specific areas of physiotherapy, separating patients into subgroups, and conducting a motivational therapy, to continue testing their differential.