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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Published in Judy Z. Koenigsberg, Anxiety Disorders, 2020
What is the relationship between an integrated existential treatment, death anxiety, and trauma? Lewis (2014) proposed a brief existential treatment, a terror management theory (TMT) existential integrated treatment (TIE) collaboration, with a focus on mortality salience (MS), the state of recognition of an individual’s eventual death, to assist patients to find meaning in their fear or anxiety related to death. Lewis (2014) cautions about the suitability of TMT TIE with certain patients. For example, therapists need to consider whether talking about death will help a patient or elevate a patient’s risk, or whether a patient will become more positive or defensive when talking about a particular traumatic event (Lewis, 2014; Greenberg, Koole, & Pyszczynski, 2004).
Transitoriness
Published in Carol L. Cox, Maya Zumstein-Shaha, A Theory of Cancer Care in Healthcare Settings, 2017
M. Zumstein-Shaha, G.T. Sobral
When considering the nature of Transitoriness, it has been found that similar concepts have been identified, namely “death anxiety”, “death awareness”, “death salience”, “mortality salience” and “liminality”. The concept of “hope” constitutes a contrary concept. An antecedent for the concept of Transitoriness is the diagnosis of a life-threatening disease such as cancer (Shaha et al., 2006). In view of the aforementioned, it can be concluded that the concept of Transitoriness has obtained maturity. However, concepts are subject to changes over time; therefore, further research will be necessary as time passes.
Evaluating Introductions and Literature Reviews
Published in Fred Pyrczak, Maria Tcherni-Buzzeo, Evaluating Research in Academic Journals, 2018
Fred Pyrczak, Maria Tcherni-Buzzeo
Terror management theory (see Greenberg et al., 1997, for a complete presentation) is based on the premise that humans are in a precarious position due to the conflict between biological motives to survive and the cognitive capacity to realize life will ultimately end. This generally unconscious awareness that death is inevitable, coupled with proclivities for survival, creates potentially paralyzing anxiety that people manage by investing in a meaningful conception of the world (cultural worldview) that provides prescriptions for valued behavior and thus a way to also maintain self-esteem. For instance, support for the theory has been provided by numerous findings that reminding people of their own eventual death (mortality salience) results in an attitudinal and behavioral defense of their cultural worldview (worldview defense, e.g., Greenberg et al., 1990) and a striving to attain self-esteem (e.g., Routledge, Arndt, & Goldenberg, 2004; see Pyszczynski, Greenberg, Solomon, Arndt, & Schimel, 2004, for a review). Although terror management theory has traditionally focused on the effects of unconscious concerns with mortality on these symbolic or indirect distal defenses, recent research has led to the conceptualization of a dual defense model that also explicates responses provoked by conscious death-related thoughts (Arndt, Cook, & Routledge, 2004; Pyszczynski, Greenberg, & Solomon, 1999).22Is the theory adequately described? Explain.
The Embodiment of an Older Avatar in a Virtual Reality Setting Impacts the Social Motivation of Young Adults
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2022
Individual FTP is known to be limited in people who receive the diagnosis of a life-threatening condition. Carstensen and Fredrickson (1998) assessed social motivation using a card-sorting task and demonstrated a stronger focus on emotionally meaningful relationships in HIV-positive young men already showing AIDS symptoms, compared to HIV-positive but asymptomatic and HIV-negative same-aged participants. Hence, a situational limitation in FTP caused by a serious health concern can change an individual’s social motivation, regardless of chronological age. Of course, questions of generalizability arise when reverting to samples facing such an extraordinary situation. Mortality salience can evoke strong emotional reactions, and its effects are moderated by such factors as religiosity or previous experience with the death of another. However, emphasizing or taking advantage of an increased mortality salience is not the only way to influence FTP.
Diagnosis makes a difference: Perceptions of older persons with dementia symptoms
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2018
Jed A. Diekfuss, Jessica De Larwelle, Susan H. McFadden
Terror management theory (TMT) puts other emotions in play when considering people’s reactions to older adults. According to Solomon, Greenberg and Pyszczynski (2004), TMT proposes that when people are reminded of their mortality (often on a nonconscious level of awareness), they respond to the resulting anxiety by defending their sense of self-esteem and their cultural worldview by showing stronger positive feelings toward in-group members and stronger negative feelings toward out-group members. Thus, mortality salience (MS), or the reminder that death comes to all persons, may lead to prejudice against out-groups because they evoke death-related thoughts and death anxiety. For example, Hirschberger, Florian and Mikulincer (2005) found that undergraduate students accessed more death-related thoughts after reading a description of a disabled person than after reading about a nondisabled individual. Because older people are often associated with disability and death, TMT and studies of MS have been employed to explain the dynamics of ageism (Boudjemadi & Gana, 2012; Martens et al., 2005) and its effects on compassion toward frail elders (Bergman & Bodner, 2015).
From Freud to Android: Constructing a Scale of Uncanny Feelings
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2023
Rachele Benjamin, Steven J. Heine
Our scale can be used to determine if uncanniness explains people’s reactions to reminders of death. A possible source of uncanniness is that human-like robots bring to the forefront thoughts of one’s own mortality (MacDorman & Ishiguro, 2006). A well-documented response to mortality salience is that people affirm their worldviews (for meta-analyses, see Burke et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2022). Though affect change does not appear to explain these reactions (Pyszczynski et al., 1999, 2015) it is possible that previous research measured the wrong kind of affect. Our scale is sensitive to emotions driven by surreal and expectancy-violating events, and might be informative of what proximally explains or predicts reactions to existential threats.