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Heteronormative Obstacles in Regular Antenatal Education, and the Benefits of LGBTQ-Certified Options
Published in Mary Nolan, Shona Gore, Contemporary Issues in Perinatal Education, 2023
Anna Malmquist, Sofia Klittmark
Another benefit of the separate LGBTQ antenatal education classes is the opportunity to discuss topics of specific relevance to prospective LGBTQ parents. One participant, Ellinor, had appreciated the discussion about minority stress in her antenatal class: Minority stress is an interesting and important concept. I have probably felt this, in general, about being a lesbian and having a girlfriend. I think there will be a risk of more minority stress when the child is born.
Understanding sexual assault disclosure
Published in Rachel E. Lovell, Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling, Sexual Assault Kits and Reforming the Response to Rape, 2023
Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling, Bridget Jules, Emma C. Lathan, C. Austin Coates, Rachel Crisler
Barriers to reporting may also differ in line with existing social hierarchies and power dynamics. Individuals belonging to certain socio-demographic groups encounter greater hardship in making reports due to their historical and systemic experiences of prejudice and discrimination (Franklin & Garza, 2021). Minority stress theory (MST; Meyer, 2003) explains this by specifying that the stigma, prejudice, and discrimination that can arise from belonging to a marginalized group can create ongoing hostile social environments, which include experiences of invisibility and dismissal from those in power. This is the inequitable starting point from which individuals who regularly experience prejudice and discrimination must initiate their disclosure of sexual assault. Consistent with the tenets of MST, sexual assault reporting, especially to police, is lower for Black women than their white counterparts (Fisher et al., 2003).
The Social Construction of Loneliness and Global Public Health
Published in Vincent La Placa, Julia Morgan, Social Science Perspectives on Global Public Health, 2023
Vincent La Placa, Julia Morgan
The globalisation of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB), and transgender and non-binary studies has precipitated a growing focus on global discrimination against sexual and gender minorities (Garcia et al., 2020; Eres et al., 2021). This has led researchers and practitioners to focus upon heightened risks of social isolation and loneliness, which LGB, non-binary, and trans people often confront, given internalised homophobia and trans-phobia and external discrimination. It has also precipitated an increased concentration on research that can elucidate pathways and processes, which predict health or that promote, for instance, resiliency and wellbeing among sexual and gender minorities. Much of the literature explores loneliness through the lens of ‘minority stress theory’, like the ‘psychological mediation framework’, which emphasises the significance of stigma, prejudice, and discrimination, which foster a hostile and stressful social environment, and translates into mental health issues (Kuyper and Fokkema, 2010). Ratanashevorn and Brown (2021) argue that loneliness for LGB, non-binary, and trans people is compounded by marginalisation, discrimination, and alienation in society and social networks. Experiences of increased loneliness often led to other harmful mental health outcomes, such as substance abuse, HIV, and suicide. They argue for more emphasis on loneliness through existential therapy to help alleviate it and aid LGB, non-binary, and trans people to adjust. The chapter will now proceed to consider further directions in loneliness research.
Online Dating Site Use to Cope with Minority Stress in Gay and Bisexual Men in Germany: Findings from Two Survey Studies
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2023
Manuel Cargnino, Richard Lemke
According to the minority stress model, coping moderates the relationship between minority stress and mental health. Individuals who experience minority stress may engage in coping strategies on either a group or personal level (Meyer, 2003; Sattler et al., 2016). While personal-level resources refer to, inter alia, protective personality traits and control beliefs and may apply to anyone, minority groups are thought to particularly draw on group-level coping. For instance, men who feel strongly attached to the gay community may perceive minority stressors as less threatening, which therefore diminishes possible negative impacts on mental health (Meyer, 2003). A survey among gay men in Germany (Sattler et al., 2016) found that it may, in particular, be the social support from other gay men that enables them to cope with minority stress (in this case, rejection sensitivity). Positive attitudes toward being gay and other rather group-level variables (e.g., active participation in gay rights activism) did not affect the relationship between minority stress and well-being in this study. In general, coping strategies that enable individuals to reduce the detrimental consequences of minority stress without entailing negative side effects (e.g., alienation from the gay community through avoidance) can be considered beneficial in the long term (Dewaele et al., 2013).
Social support and unmet needs among older trans and gender non-conforming people during the COVID-19 ‘lockdown’ in the UK
Published in International Journal of Transgender Health, 2023
Michael Toze, Sue Westwood, Trish Hafford-Letchfield
Older TGNC people may experience worse health outcomes linked to minority stress arising from the accumulative effects of stigma associated with gender-identity-based discrimination, victimization, social and familial exclusion, inadequate social support, socioeconomic disadvantages, and ongoing fears of prejudice and discrimination (Hendricks & Testa, 2012; Hoy-Ellis & Fredriksen-Goldsen, 2016, 2017; Willis et al., 2020). These risks can be mitigated by factors which promote resilience (Meyer, 2015). Taking steps toward living authentically in line with one’s gender identity can be one such factor, via a positive and agentic process of self-determination (Bailey, 2012; Fabbre, 2015; McFadden et al., 2013; Pearce, 2018; Willis et al., 2020; Witten, 2014). Other factors which can buffer the impact of minority stress can include self-affirmation, adaptability and flexibility, positive mental attitude, understanding the processes of oppression, and strong social support networks (Fredriksen-Goldsen et al., 2017; Meyer, 2015; Singh et al., 2011). Older TGNC people have also been reported to have higher psychological resilience than younger TGNC populations, possibly due to more developed coping skills and stronger social support networks (Jackman et al., 2018; Tan et al., 2020).
Spiritual support of transgender individuals: a literature review
Published in Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 2023
Minority stress has been associated with mental health issues including depression and anxiety (Pepping, Lyons, & Morris, 2018). TGNC youth report higher rates of substance abuse than the general population (Hafeez, Zeshan, Tahir, Jahan, & Naveed, 2017; Mullens et al., 2017; Zachariah, Blaschke, & Weddle, 2014). A lack of education and training for health care providers has been identified as contributing to health disparities experienced by this population (Deliz et al., 2020; Hafeez et al., 2017). Efforts to provide supportive care for youth through to hospice and palliative care for TGNC individuals, has increased as practitioners are making efforts to affirm the sexuality and spirituality of those within their care (Cloyes, Hull, & Davis, 2018; Deliz et al., 2020; Fair, 2021; Holman, Landry-Meyer, & Fish, 2020; Nye, Crossway, Rogers, Games, & Eberman, 2019; Pepping et al., 2018).