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Neuroanatomy and Brain Perfusion in Functional Somatic Syndromes
Published in Peter Manu, The Psychopathology of Functional Somatic Syndromes, 2020
The evaluation of cerebral perfusion in chronic fatigue syndrome was continued by investigators from Edinburgh University and Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Scotland, and Wameford Hospital, Oxford, England (MacHale et al., 2000). The authors recruited 24 patients with chronic fatigue from an infectious disease outpatient clinic and 76 individuals from a local self-help group. A total of 30 subjects fulfilled diagnostic criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome (Fukuda et al., 1994). The subjects were found to score below the threshold for caseness on a validated scale measuring the severity of anxiety and depression (Zigmond and Snaith, 1983) and had no evidence of psychiatric disorders on a structured interview. The two control groups included 12 patients diagnosed as suffering from current major depression with melancholia and 15 healthy volunteers recruited from among friends of patients and hospital personnel.
Classification, explanation and experience
Published in Ulrike Steinert, Systems of Classification in Premodern Medical Cultures, 2020
Do we see here an interaction between traditional or popular disease concepts and the schematisations of doctors – or perhaps rather the traces of a traditional or popular concept which is developed in different ways in different technical (and semi-technical) authors? It is perhaps tempting, albeit with insufficient evidence, to think so. What is clear is that by the time of the first/second century CE, melancholia has acquired some kind of distinct status, and is associated with a somewhat complex and sometimes contradictory set of symptoms. Clear, too, that both medical and other authors, while having recourse to the single, overarching concept of melancholia, at the same time employ that concept in complex and differentiated ways, identifying types or varieties within it, in an attempt to explain a challenging range of patient experiences and symptoms.
The Treatment of the Special Forms of Mental Disease
Published in Francis X. Dercum, Rest, Suggestion, 2019
Chloral is a poison depressant to the heart and vasomotor apparatus. Dyspnea, vertigo, and general sense of weakness are among the symptoms likely to be present. In well-established cases there are marked nervousness, marked insomnia, and a certain degree of mental weakness, as manifested by loss of will-power and failure of memory. In some cases an emotional depression is present which may simulate melancholia. The patient is weak, his movements are tremulous, and he frequently complains of palpitation of the heart. These symptoms must be combated by food, by rest and by other physiologic measures, and by tonics, such as digitalis, strophanthus, and strychnin. When the habit has been long continued and the doses large, the patient occasionally suffers from attacks of delirium closely resembling delirium tremens. Chloral, it should be added, has been so largely displaced by other hypnotics that chloralism is at present a very infrequent condition.
Routinely accessible parameters of mineralocorticoid receptor function, depression subtypes and response prediction: a post-hoc analysis from the early medication change trial in major depressive disorder
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2022
Jan Engelmann, Harald Murck, Stefanie Wagner, Lea Zillich, Fabian Streit, David P. Herzog, Dieter F. Braus, Andre Tadic, Klaus Lieb, Marianne B. Műller
The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were assessed relying on patients´ self-reports. Depression severity was assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD17; Hamilton 1960) and the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (interview [IDS-C30]; self-rating [IDS-SR30]) (Rush et al. 2000) in weekly intervals from baseline to week 8 by trained and blinded raters (Wagner et al. 2011). Melancholic depression was assessed by the German version of the M.I.N.I. International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI, Sheehan et al. 1998). Melancholic depression is characterised by loss of interest, bad mood, daily fluctuation of mood, waking up too early, feeling restless, and a negative view of the patient´s self. The atypical depression, assessed by the IDS clinician rating, exhibits symptoms like increased appetite, increased weight, extended sleep duration, loss of physical energy, increased interpersonal sensitivity and maintained mood responsiveness. Anxious depression was assessed by the HAMD17 single items: feeling anxious or tense, panic/phobic symptoms, bodily symptoms, constipation/diarrheal and hypochondriasis (Baumeister and Parker 2012).
“I’d Have Divorced My Husband If Not for Korean Dramas” – Vietnamese Women’s Consumption of Television Romance and Melancholia
Published in Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 2022
Most academic discussions concerning Sigmund Freud’s notion of melancholia focus on his 1917 groundbreaking essay “Mourning and Melancholia.” According to Freud, melancholia is a form of prolonged depression that derives from unmourned loss. Addressing melancholia and mourning as correlated forms of grief with some similar depressive traits, Freud draws the distinction between the two psychic phenomena. He sees mourning as a painful yet necessary process that allows individuals to let go of a loved object. This mourning comes to a conclusion with the libido being withdrawn and detached from the lost loved object (Freud, 1917). In contrast, Freud views melancholia as an ongoing process that may remain unresolved due to patients’ unawareness or inadequate awareness of their loss. This lack of awareness differentiates melancholia distinctly from mourning, in which patients tend to be very conscious of the loss (Freud, 1917).
Melancholia: does this ancient concept have contemporary utility?
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2020
Gabriele Sani, Leonardo Tondo, Juan Undurraga, Gustavo H. Vázquez, Paola Salvatore, Ross J. Baldessarini
Renewed interest in the concept of melancholia emerged following introduction of the concept of major depression in 1980 as a very broad, clinically heterogeneous condition. Despite the intuitive appeal of the concept of melancholic depression, recent research tends to challenge its security as a clinically or biomedically distinct disorder or syndrome, as addressed above. In particular, the ability of DSM-5 “melancholic features” to provide clinically important predictions (e.g. future morbidity, risk of suicide attempts or fatalities, or particular treatment-responses) or associations (e.g. family history, sex, current age or age-at-onset, previous or future morbidity) seems to be surprisingly limited, especially among DSM-5 nonmelancholic and melancholic patient-subjects with similar depression-severity (Tondo et al., 2019; Undurraga et al., 2019).