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Screening American Indian Youth for Referral to Drug Abuse Prevention and Intervention Services
Published in Ken C. Winters, Adolescent Substance Abuse: New Frontiers in Assessment, 2012
Ken C. Winters, Jerome DeWolfe, Donald Graham, Wehnona St. Cyr
Finally, these additional items of clinical relevance were added to the 18-item problem severity set to form the full PESQ: (a) several drug use frequency (DUF) items (past 12 months) that were adapted from Johnston, Backman, and O’Malley (1986); (b) five items (Defensiveness) adapted from the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability scale, a commonly used measure of defensive response tendencies (Crowne & Marlowe, 1969); (c) three items (Infrequency) that address highly improbable events (e.g., buying drugs from a security guard); and five psychosocial risk items (e.g, suicidal tendency). Item wording reflected a sixth-grade reading level (Fry, 1977).
Assessment of PTSD in the Context of Substance Use Disorders
Published in Anka A. Vujanovic, Sudie E. Back, Posttraumatic Stress and Substance Use Disorders, 2019
In addition, it is important to assess for bias in participants’ reporting of symptoms. Across a variety of settings, the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS; Rogers, Bagby, & Dickens, 1992) and the Morel Emotional Numbing Test for PTSD (MENT; Morel, 1998) have demonstrated utility in detecting malingering (e.g., Morel & Shephard, 2008; Rogers, Payne, Berry, & Granacher, 2009). The SIRS is a structured interview designed to detect malingering of specific psychiatric disorders and provides additional information about defensiveness, self-appraisal of honesty, and inconsistent responding. It includes 172 structured interview items. As such, despite its strengths as a thorough assessment of malingering and related phenomena across disorders, its length may be prohibitive in some settings. In such cases, the PTSD-specific MENT may be a helpful alternative. The MENT is a 20-item forced-choice test. The directions state that “some individuals with PTSD may have difficulty recognizing facial expressions,” and participants are asked to select the appropriate affect label corresponding to a displayed facial expression. Participants whose reported symptoms are not genuine have been found to perform more poorly than those whose symptoms are credible (Morel, 1998). We also recommend assessing for underreporting of symptoms, particularly given the stigma associated with psychopathology and the potential for concerns about legal consequences of endorsing substance use. The 13-item Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale measures respondents’ propensity to endorse statements that are socially desirable in order to present a good image and/or seek approval (Crowne & Marlowe, 1960) and has been employed in combat veterans to account for underreporting of behavioral health symptoms (Pitts, Chapman, Safer, & Russell, 2014). It has shown high convergent validity with similar measures of social desirability and personality measures of “faking good” (Crowne & Marlowe, 1960).
Daily Associations between Helping Behavior, Gratitude, and Selfishness in Members of Alcoholics Anonymous
Published in Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2020
Baseline covariates (level 1) were gender, length of time in recovery, trait gratitude, psychological distress, and social desirability. Daily covariates (level 2) were social contact (measured in hours), and negative affect. Specifically, trait gratitude was assessed with the 16-item short form of the Gratitude, Resentment, and Appreciation Test (GRAT; Watkins, Woodward, Stone, & Kolts, 2003; α = .80). Psychological distress was measured using the 6-item nonspecific psychological distress questionnaire (K-6; Kessler et al., 2002; α = .86). Social desirability was measured using the 10-item short version of the Marlowe Crowne Social Desirability Scale (SDS; Strahan & Gerbasi, 1972; α = .63). Lastly, the brief Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) was used to measure daily negative mood. Cronbach’s alpha for negative affect was calculated for each day and ranged from .79 to .86.
Factors associated with college students’ willingness and readiness to act in a food allergic emergency (WilRAFAE)
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2020
An initial survey was developed by the investigator to identify and understand the factors associated with student’s readiness and willingness to act in a food allergic emergency.22 The survey comprised of several measures detailed in the results section, including newly developed and several existing/modified tools. The psychometric properties of the measurement tools previously established in a pilot study,22 were reassessed for internal consistency reliability in the current study, and compared to the values obtained in previously published studies (Table 1). Overall acceptable internal consistencies in scales with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging between .814 and .874 were observed in the pilot study.22 Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale–Form C was used to validate self-reported measures of the survey. Demographic characteristics were also collected.
Hiring a Gay Man, Taking a Risk?: A Lab Experiment on Employment Discrimination and Risk Aversion
Published in Journal of Homosexuality, 2018
Second, the social desirability bias of the participants was measured by means of the short form of the Marlowe–Crowne social desirability scale developed by Reynolds (1982), one of the most used instruments for measuring social desirability (Sârbescu, Costea, & Rusu, 2012). As reviewed by Beretvas, Meyers, and Leite (2002), the validity of this scale has been demonstrated to be high by many studies. It comprises 13 items that express a behavior that is culturally sanctioned or approved (e.g., “No matter who I’m talking to, I’m always a good listener”), and participants have to indicate whether these statements apply to them or not. This yields a score of social desirable answering between 0 and 13.