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Adolescents With Co-occurring Disorders
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski
Major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, pp. 160–169) are the two most prevalent depressive disorders among adolescents. The difference between the two is that major depressive disorder is quite dramatic in presentation and acute, with symptoms of loss of pleasure or depressed mood impacting weight, sleep patterns, psychomotor agitation, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness, diminished ability to concentrate or think, and recurrent thoughts of death, and these symptoms develop quickly within a two-week period of time. Persistent depressive disorder is more chronic in nature, with symptoms perhaps being less severe but being present daily for at least two years.
Developing Education and Treatment Protocols for Substance Use Disorders That Are Socially Responsible, Accountable, and Integrated
Published in Sahar Swidan, Matthew Bennett, Advanced Therapeutics in Pain Medicine, 2020
Depressive episodes are extraordinarily common for SUD patients. Davis et al.12 (2005) reported in their analysis that nearly one-third of patients with major depressive disorder also have substance use disorders, and the comorbidity yields a higher risk of suicide and greater social and personal impairment as well as other psychiatric conditions. Viewed in this light, mental health issues affecting patients with an acute SUD precipitate a higher degree of risk factors. Patients with a pattern of acute and chronic SUD issues may describe depressive-related issues as frequent and which have become a normalized experience for them. For medical professionals it should be anticipated that dealing with active SUD means the severe depressive episodes will be cumulative in terms of frequency and impact. Depression will most likely be one of the most troublesome intense moods experienced when attempting to recover from an SUD. Spitsbergen11 (2017) noted that depression mixed with other mental health concerns was acknowledged as an issue affecting patients during the transition to recovery.
“Are All My Patients Depressed?”
Published in Paul Ian Steinberg, Psychoanalysis in Medicine, 2020
“Depression” is a common presenting symptom in the family physician’s office, especially including vague complaints such as fatigue, dizziness, and malaise for which no medical diagnosis is made. Overall, however, the incidence of major depressive disorder is thought to be relatively low (Weissman & Boyd, 1985: 766.) This is explained by the fact that the diagnostic criteria for depressive illness (“major depressive episode,” MDE) permit physicians to make this diagnosis only in cases of relatively prolonged depression in which neurovegetative signs of depression are usually prominent (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The restrictive nature of this diagnosis is useful as it implies the need for biological treatments such as antidepressant medication or, in more severe or refractory cases, electroconvulsive therapy. Given this management, the prognosis for symptomatic recovery from a depressive episode is relatively good. (I am not dealing here with indications for psychotherapy in patients with major depressive disorder.)
Epigenetic modulation: Research progress on histone acetylation levels in major depressive disorders
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2023
Yuan Meng, Juan Du, Ning Liu, Yuanyuan Qiang, Lifei Xiao, Xiaobing Lan, Lin Ma, Jiamei Yang, Jianqiang Yu, Guangyuan Lu
Current depression treatments mainly involve psychological, physical, and drug therapies [5], among which drug therapy is the first choice for major depressive disorder. Monoamine deficiency is an important factor in the pathogenesis of depression [6], and the currently available therapeutic antidepressant drugs are mainly designed to target the serotonergic and/or noradrenergic systems in the brain [7], with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors being the most widely used. Blocking norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake in the brain boosts the concentration of transmitters at the receptor site and decreases the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin by the presynaptic membrane of nerve terminals. Tricyclic antidepressants are one of the first-choice treatments for depression; however, they have important shortcomings, such as a low effective rate, considerable side effects, slow action onset, and easy recurrence after drug withdrawal. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new therapeutic targets based on an understanding of their pathophysiological mechanisms.
Depressive Symptoms in Older African Immigrants with Mobility Limitations: A Descriptive Study
Published in Clinical Gerontologist, 2023
Manka Nkimbeng, Nwakaego A Nmezi, Zachary G. Baker, Janiece L. Taylor, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah, Tetyana P. Shippee, Sarah L. Szanton, Joseph E. Gaugler
Immigration has been classified as a social determinant of health because the conditions that precipitate immigration or the conditions that individuals immigrate into encompass other social determinants of health that affect negative mental and physical health outcomes (Castañeda et al., 2015). Although many older African immigrants may have experienced several pre- and post-migration risk factors of depression, estimates of depressive symptoms in older African immigrants are limited. Also, immigrants who migrate at an older age are at a greater risk for poor mental health outcomes such as depression (Argeseanu Cunningham, Ruben, & Narayan, 2008). Although a major depressive disorder (often referred to simply as depression) is diagnosed by a licensed mental health professional, depressive symptoms that inform this diagnosis can be observed or ascertained through self-reporting. Therefore, this study describes self-reported depressive symptoms, and tests their potential correlations in a convenience sample of older African immigrants with mobility limitations in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area.
Translation and validation of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales for menopausal women in Indonesia
Published in Climacteric, 2022
H. D. Susanti, I. Sonko, M.-H. Chung
Depression (major depressive disorder) is a serious illness that can negatively affect people’s emotions, thought processes and actions. According to the World Health Organization, many people who are depressed require help. Anxiety is a disorder that may be characterized by sudden panic attacks leading to fear for unwarranted reasons or episodes of panic characterized by excessive, uncontrolled and irritable worrying [1]. Another study defined anxiety as stress characterized by irritability, nervous tension, difficulty relaxing and agitation [2]. The relationship between depressive disorders and anxiety disorders is a problem that some researchers have debated [3]. The overlapping symptoms of depression and anxiety associated with the disorder make its diagnosis, research and treatment difficult [3]. These overlapping symptoms can result in depression and anxiety being seen as different conditions, whereas the two symptoms often coexist in the same patient at various levels [3].