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Forensic Assessment
Published in Louis B. Schlesinger, Sexual Murder, 2021
However, Smith (1967) is skeptical of the accuracy of polygraphs, citing many cases of false confessions elicited after positive polygraph findings. He believes that the physiological changes reported are caused by stress rather than deception and that variables such as the examiner’s experience, self-confidence, and attitude play an essential role in the results. Perhaps the most ardent critic of the polygraph is Lykken (1998), who believes that far too many people have been fooled into accepting polygraph findings blindly. Lykken considers the polygraph to be nothing more than pseudoscience, with accuracy no greater than that achieved by the tossing of coins. There is a little dispute that the polygraph measures something; the controversy is whether it detects lying. The consensus in the scientific community is that it is not a reliable and valid measure of lie detection, but it is certainly used frequently to assist in hiring decisions and other types of evaluations where the credibility of a person is in question.
Deception and the Systemic Problem of Substance Abuse
Published in Harold V. Hall, Joseph G. Poirier, Detecting Malingering and Deception, 2020
Harold V. Hall, Joseph G. Poirier
Verschuere, Rosenfeld, Winograd, Labkovsky, and Wiersema (2009) emphasized that the recognition is based on memory detection, which is not detection of deception. To date, there is no specific physiological analog to deception. In essence, what is conventionally measured in lie detection is physiological reaction (anxiety arousal) that accompanies lying behavior. The problem is that this level of anxiety arousal varies from one individual to another, from one moment to another, and some characterological types (e.g., psychopathy) can mask it significantly or completely. Verschuere et al. (2009) described the P300 procedure as a memory detection test in that it reflected memories stored in the brain. This finding makes it applicable to assessing witness or defendant recognition of critical forensic data. A P300 response may indicate awareness of vital information related to a crime scene. The hypothesis has been tested under laboratory conditions of Ss responding either truthfully or deceptively to stimuli, for example, recognition or not of one’s name in a series of names.
Techniques of Interviews and Interrogations
Published in Raymond H. Hamden, Psychology of Terrorists, 2018
Some research has indicated that the behavior analysis interview component can indicate a potential/deceptive suspect with 83% accuracy (Lassiter & Pinegar, 2013). However, lie detection scholars have argued that such accuracy cannot be attained (Lassiter & Pinegar, 2013).
Shadows into Light: The Potential Investigative Utility of Voice Analysis with Two Types of Online Child-Sex Predators
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2022
Marigo J. Stathis, Maria M. Marinakis
Recent research has demonstrated that using a traditional “lie detection” device, the polygraph, as a tool for extracting information from child sex offenders may be useful (Bourke et al., 2014; DeLisi et al., 2016; Krueger, 2009). The procedure of quickly implementing CVSA might serve to complement the latter, in that it, too, can be a helpful investigative tool (Chapman & Stathis, 2012). Its benefit rests only partially in its ability to verify truthfulness (of ruling in) because, most street-savvy law enforcement personnel (e.g., police and detectives) are trained to determine when people are dishonest, misrepresenting case details, concealing or being unforthcoming with critical details and relevant information. Therefore, the main advantage of using the CVSA is not determining whether a person is deceptive, but rather what exactly they are hiding.
Can Emotional Awareness of Liars Influence Deception Detection Effectiveness?
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2021
Adrianna Wielgopolan, Kamil K. Imbir
Despite the fact that lying is perceived as immoral in most cultures (Semrad et al., 2019), people report telling many lies on a daily basis (Street & Richardson, 2015). For college students, one out of three social interactions involves telling a lie; similarly, adult participants within one random community sample confessed to lying in one in every five social interactions (DePaulo et al., 1996). However, despite many strategies and techniques that have been described for detecting deception (e.g. Ekman, 2009), current research still shows a mean accuracy in deception detection of only 54% (DePaulo et al., 1996). Such findings are especially astounding when we compare these data with the prevalence of telling lies—if they are so common, it should be natural for people to develop skills in recognizing lies by practising these skills every day. Yet studies still report results for lie detection that are only slightly better than random guessing (e.g. Kraut, 1980; Vrij et al., 2000; Zuckerman et al., 1981), indicating that people do not recognize lies very well.
Ethical Issues to Consider Before Introducing Neurotechnological Thought Apprehension in Psychiatry
Published in AJOB Neuroscience, 2019
At this point, it may be helpful to distinguish between two types of NTA application. First is acquiring information the person herself could also provide. A type of NTA that falls into this category is lie detection: The person herself could also tell the examiner that she is lying (a person knows when she is lying). The reason for lie detection is that the person's own utterances are not trusted. The second type of NTA concerns acquiring information the person herself could not provide, either because she doesn't know, or because she lacks the physical ability to communicate the information. An example is a person in a functional locked-in11 situation who cannot express her thoughts unless assisted by NTA. While using NTA in the first context is likely to convey distrust, in the second, it is unlikely to be an issue. Note that in psychiatry, especially in forensic psychiatry, the patient is usually able to communicate about her mental life. In those cases distrust may therefore well be a factor. Given the central role trust plays in medicine—and therefore also in psychiatry—this is a significant issue to consider.