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The invisibility of rational suicide 1
Published in Govert den Hartogh, What Kind of Death, 2023
It is not, by itself, the presence of mental illness that signals irrationality. But reconsider the way in which the decision to end one's own life is often made and carried out, as described in the opening paragraph of Section 3.1. The agent thinks about suicide long and often, indeed obsessionally. But she has not only a wish to die, but also to live, and the relative strength of these wishes varies from day to day. “Ambivalence saturates the suicidal act”.33 On a day on which she is strongly drawn to action, she may decide upon a particular way of acting and even start making preparations. From that moment on the chosen plan is mentally available to her, resting on the shelf until the time that she takes it from there and acts on it. At that moment the actual decision is in the majority of cases made and acted upon within an hour. We could call such actions quasi-impulsive. The means that are then chosen are almost always violent ones. These are often the only means that have been contemplated.
Needle Phobia
Published in Robert Wheeler, Clinical Law for Clinical Practice, 2020
In the case of MB, on similar facts, a High Court judge again declared that it would be lawful to compel her to have the treatment required for a safe delivery. An appeal was immediately launched, but the Court of Appeal dismissed this in the early hours of the following morning. The court started by reminding itself that a person with capacity is entitled to make a decision for religious or other reasons, for rational or irrational reasons, or for no reasons at all, irrespective of the consequences. Irrationality was described in stark and memorable terms:A decision so outrageous in its defiance of logic or of accepted moral standards that no sensible person who had applied his mind to the question to be decided could have arrived at it.
Behavior Modification
Published in Eli Ilana, Oral Psychophysiology, 2020
The relationship between cognitions and behavior can be used in a therapeutic process — one can influence behavior merely by affecting a person’s cognitions concerning a certain matter. Ellis19 suggested a treatment strategy based on identification of the patient’s irrational ideas and replacement by rational ones (the Rational Emotive Therapy). During treatment, the therapist directly contradicts and denies the self-defeating notions of the patient, while encouraging, persuading, cajoling, and occasionally even insisting that the patient engage in the activity in question (something he/she is afraid of doing), which in itself serves as a counter against what the patient believes. In other words, by uncovering the elements of irrationality in the patient’s thinking, the therapist leads the individual into more reasonable channels of behavior.
Deviant Workplace Behavior as Emotional Action: Discriminant and Interactive Roles for Work-Related Emotional Intelligence
Published in Human Performance, 2019
Michael D. Robinson, Michelle R. Persich, Cassandra Stawicki, Sukumarakurup Krishnakumar
This point can be made in several ways. Negative emotions, which are part of our biological heritage, are thought to somewhat automatically trigger impulsive urges (Frijda, 2010). This is particularly true for the emotion of anger, which has been linked to a variety of aggressive and impulsive behaviors (Wilkowski & Robinson, 2008). Such reactions are supported by biological processes – such as the release of cortisol – that not only prepare the body for vigorous action, but also interfere with top-down control; as a consequence, at least a sizable minority of people are prone to problematic or “rash” actions under conditions of emotional arousal (Frijda, 2010). Consistent with this analysis, Parrott (1995) found that many cases of emotional action satisfied criteria for irrationality, short-sightedness, and lack of control.
Decreased theory of mind skills, increased emotion dysregulation and insight levels in adolescents diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2019
Kemal Utku Yazici, Ipek Percinel Yazici
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a treatment-resistant neuropsychiatric disorder, the onset of which is usually seen during childhood or adolescence [1]. The prevalence of OCD in children and adolescents is approximately 2% [2]. OCD is characterized by obsessions, which lead to significant anxiety and distress and compulsions applied to reduce the anxiety that is caused by these obsessions [1]. Although the individuals are often aware of the irrationality of their compulsive habits, the anxiety caused by the obsession is so compelling that they are unable to control their compulsive behaviors. An abnormal interaction between cognition and emotion may be responsible for this behavior [3]. Typically, not the situation itself but the interpretation of the situation by the patient is responsible for the problem of the patient with OCD [4]. In addition, the cognitive deficits observed in OCD may be related to the theory of mind (ToM, mentalizing), an aspect of social cognition [5].
“Paid to Endure”: Paid Research Participation, Passivity, and the Goods of Work
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2019
Worries about undue inducement come in different varieties, some of which overlap with the concerns about risk and coercion discussed already (Dickert and Grady 2008). One distinct idea is that payment may trigger irrational decision making. More precisely, the prospect of short-term benefit may lead subjects to ignore or unduly discount long-term risks or costs. Such decisional flaws are familiar (think of going for drinks the night before an important deadline) and seem capable of affecting any decision where short-term gains and long-term losses are at stake. The decision to enroll in a paid trial is one example, but so is the decision to accept a job offer. (Few jobs are free of long-term costs.) Perhaps the trial case is different because the payoff is more immediate or because the typical subject is more desperate for it. In any case, there is reason to think that work-type regulation would help preventing this sort of irrationality since it would reduce subjects’ susceptibility to long-term harm.