China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Psychocutaneous Disorders
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Kristen Russomanno, Vesna M. Petronic-Rosic
Laboratory studies: Primary delusion of parasitosis is a diagnosis of exclusion, and other etiologies of abnormal skin sensation must be ruled out. A thorough physical examination should be performed to evaluate for a true infestation (e.g., scabies, pediculosis). Skin scrapings prepared with mineral oil may aid in the detection of organisms. Microscopic examination of patient-provided skin samples may be performed to confirm the lack of organisms. Although rarely required, a skin biopsy may be necessary if there is a concern for an alternative dermatologic diagnosis.
Communicable, infectious and parasitic conditions
Published in Jackie Musgrave, Health and Wellbeing for Babies and Children, 2022
Parasites live off a host and can infest the hair or skin of its host. Infestation is defined as ‘the harbouring of worm or insect parasites in or on the skin’ (Lawton 2017 p. 34). Globally, there are many parasites that cause infestations and diseases, some of which are less serious than others.
Skin, soft tissue and bone infections
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Management aims to eradicate infestation with a topical treatment. Different treatments are available in different settings and have different side-effect profiles. First line is 5% permethrin; 30 g per dose is sufficient. It is removed after 8–14 hours, so overnight application is practical, and the cure rate is >90%. It can be repeated 1–2 weeks later. Another example is 5% malathion.
Anti-Demodex Effect of Commercial Eyelid Hygiene Products
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2021
Demodex prevalence is known to increase with age. Parasite infestation in 84% of the population above 60 years old and 100% of the population above 70 years old was observed.4 Demodex infestation is one of the common causes of ocular surface inflammation but is often overlooked. Of these, the most prevalent is blepharitis, an eye inflammation affecting the eyelashes, eyelids, and ocular surface. Since the 19th century, from observations of Henle and Simon, it has been known that one cause of blepharitis is Demodex mites.5,6 Demodex blepharitis is easy to diagnose, and the most used and most valuable method in the disease’s definitive diagnosis are eyelash sampling and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).7–9 In addition, Demodex parasites can be observed in slit-lamp biomicroscopy during very careful ophthalmologic examination.10,11 However, treatment of the disease is not as easy as its diagnosis. Many topical and systemic therapies, such as systemic ivermectin, systemic and topical metronidazole, topical tea tree oil (TTO), topical terpinen-4-ol (T4O), and topical pilocarpine, have been tried for parasite eradication.12
Multifocal extraocular muscle pyomyositis: A case report and review of literature
Published in Orbit, 2021
Patcharaporn Chandraparnik, Mingkwan Lumyongsatien, Dinesh Selva
The differential diagnosis includes parasitic infestation, inflammation, and malignancy. Diagnosis is based on careful history taking, clinical presentations, and imaging. Parasitic infestation such as cysticercosis requires a high index of suspicion in the context of the following history: living in an endemic area, eating raw meat, evidence of tapeworm infection, presence of a subcutaneous nodule or abnormal neurological symptoms.12 Computed tomography demonstrates a scolex inside the cyst.13 Histological examination may confirm the diagnosis in uncertain cases. While idiopathic myositis can share the same presentation as pyomyositis it will not show hypodense intramuscular lesions with rim enhancement. Suppurative myositis has been reported in the context of Crohn’s disease although the histopathology showed a granulomatous process.14,15 Intramuscular metastases may rarely demonstrate hypodense areas due to necrosis and cavitation, but the diagnosis will be apparent on biopsy.
Short-term biological variation of differential count in healthy subjects in a South Asian population
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2020
Arvind Kumar Gupta, Arathi Kunnumbrath, Sakshi Garg Tayal, Anoushika Mehan, Rishabh Sahay, Utpal Kumar, Reshma Jeladharan, Michael Leonard Anthony, Neha Singh, Harish Chandra, Nilotpal Chowdhury
The CVI of the eosinophil count is first hematological parameter we encountered in our project [12] differing in within-subject variability from Western studies. While racial/genetic differences may explain some of these differences, we feel that that continued exposure to allergens in the environment may be the primary reason for this increased variability. North India, and other areas of the Indian Subcontinent, have markedly increased air pollutants with values commonly reaching hazardous PM2.5 values [22,23]. This increased chronic dust exposure may serve as lung irritants, resulting in a background type-I immune response [24]. Such exposure may predilect to asthma, which has been found to be associated with increased within-subject variation in eosinophil counts [25]. Also, this may serve as mild inflammatory mediators in the lung, possibly aiding mildly increased neutrophilic within-subject variability. Exercise or physical activity also affects within-subject eosinophil variability [26], and a few subjects having differing physical activity may possibly have contributed to the differences in within-subject variation found in some individuals in this study. Parasitic infestation may also possibly serve as an unlikely cause, but all participants were clinically healthy.