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Issues and strategies of quantitative analysis
Published in John A. Bilorusky, Principles and Methods of Transformative Action Research, 2021
They can oversimplify. For example, grades summarize the complexity of all that a person learns in a class into one symbol, even though they may have learned much in one area, and very little in another way. IQ tests can oversimplify because there are many different types of human intellect, and consequently, ways of exercising “intelligence” cannot be so neatly summarized in one concept or measure of “intelligence.” Furthermore, it has been shown that there are many cultural biases and other problems of “validity” that call into question the accuracy, the meaningfulness, and usefulness of these “intelligence” tests.
Artificial Intelligence
Published in Christopher M. Hayre, Dave J. Muller, Marcia J. Scherer, Everyday Technologies in Healthcare, 2019
Hadi Mat Rosly, Maziah Mat Rosly
The utilisation of AI in health assessments, most notably in diagnosis, is the basis of AI application in healthcare. Current scenario for physician-based care, demonstrated limited ability for them to distinguish positive predictive symptomatic diagnosis, which may lead to false-positive and false-negative results. Several studies involving simulation and application observations demonstrated that incorporating an AI-based decision support system has helped improve diagnostic accuracy (Barinov et al. 2018; Bhavaraju 2018). The workflow schemes involve a dynamic machine learning AI, based on a scoring system. Traditionally, the core mechanics of simple AI diagnosis in healthcare involve input, computational analysis and decisive output application. The input aspects comprise collecting available data related to patient biography, presenting symptoms, clinical signs and laboratory findings into a pool of categories, where the computational analysis further aggregates the data into a more meaningful finding. The computational analysis consists of machine-based cognition, where the algorithms were engineered to provide a replication of human intellect, such as reasoning, understanding and learning. This is the basis of AI, which infers series of data into appropriate output presentation for a possible diagnosis. Algorithms are a series of programming languages designed for autonomous machine learning, also known as the AI core, replicating human intellectual cognition. The physical component of AI in output can also include medical devices and robots for delivering appropriate care.
The Path Ahead
Published in Jim Lynch, What Is Life and How Might It Be Sustained?, 2023
Steve Jobs unequivocally revolutionised the digital world and marketed the first personalised computer, providing a technology platform for the improvement of life. He was a self-proclaimed Buddhist, believing in higher consciousness, but not necessarily God. Some have argued that his personality, especially in relation to the treatment of his family, is not to be admired. In the biography based on a series of interviews by and documented by Walter Isaacson Steve Jobs published in 2011, the year of his death, Jobs said ‘Sometimes I believe in God, sometimes I don’t. I think it’s 50:50 maybe. But even since I’ve had cancer, I’ve been thinking about it a bit more. I kind of – maybe it’s cause I want to believe in an afterlife. That when you die, it doesn’t just all disappear. The wisdom you’ve accumulated. Somehow it lives on.’ His wishes are consistent with the views of Stephen Hawking and Roger Penrose. For some, faith can provide the reality of those wishes and comfort to help to create a meaning to life. We have very big challenges now and, on the horizon, but we also have massive opportunities to capitalise on new science and technology. I fully support the views of Jane Goodall in her new book with Doug Abrams published in 2021 The Book of Hope: A Survival Guide for an Engineered Planet. Jane’s four reasons for hope are: The Amazing Human IntellectThe Resilience of NatureThe Power of Young PeopleThe Indomitable Human Spirit
Engaging in culturally responsive and globally sustainable practices
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2022
If we understand and can explain the ways that world changes have influenced Speech, language, and hearing sciences, many of us might agree that there is a need for different or new frameworks to guide speech, language, and hearing scholars, educators, and clinicians to engage in responsive and sustainable practices. Positivism, a social theory whose proponents state that all things can be observed and verified quantitatively and is free of subjectivity, was conceptualised in the early nineteenth century by Aguste Comte. Positivism is baked into the core of speech, language, and hearing sciences. Positivism has been explained as being a response to Enlightenment (Fuller, 2001), a period spanning the seventeen and eighteenth centuries that stressed that there is a singular truth, and that truth is dependent on human intellect and experiences. In speech, language, and hearing sciences, this “singular truth”, translates into there being one “right” way to engage in speech, language, and hearing practices. In positivism, the mind was thought of as a blank slate programed by human experiences (i.e. John Locke) and human beings were simply motivated by our own pleasures (or pains) (i.e. Thomas Hobbes) (Schmidt, 1996). Since the nineteenth century, it has been used, and is still used to impose European culture on the rest of the world. According to Murea and Josan (2014), positivism “fortified the belief in the superiority of Western civilization” and it “fueled colonialist mentalities” (p. 72).
The Dog Who Barks and the Noise of the Human: Psychoanalysis After the Animal Turn
Published in Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 2018
I am on the trail of a different noise; it is the sound of the dog who disrupts Laplanche’s text. Laplanche ushers this dog into the scene via Spinoza and as an apparent digression: it “does not seem to do anything,” Laplanche apologizes before going on to quote the passage, “but in reality works perfectly” (Laplanche, 2011, p. 177). Laplanche, quoting Spinoza, continues: “‘For the intellect and will that would constitute the essence of God would have to be vastly different from human intellect and will, and would have no point of agreement except the name. They could be no more alike than the celestial constellation of the dog and the dog who barks’” (Laplanche, 2011, p. 178). All this Laplanche offers by way of clarifying what he means by saying that the human animal’s evolution into bipeds has eventuated a collapse of two sexes into a “difference of sex” (p. 177). And yet, as Laplanche’s writing here continues (and I fear mine may never end), it remains tantalizingly unclear if Laplanche’s barking dog stands on the side of the phallic signifier presence/absence (and, I’d add, human/non-) or sniffs out some concrete but as yet inaccessible biological and physiological male/female difference.
Finding Hope for the Planet in 2022
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2022
Goodall’s reasons for hope are (1) the amazing human intellect; (2) the resilience of nature; (3) the power of young people; and (4) the indomitable human spirit. Only humans have a frontal cortex larger than primates, enabling language and goal-setting to address the complex problems we face. Nature, despite the devastating assaults, has incredible capacity to regenerate. Dr. Goodall tells stories: of a tree (now viewed by the Japanese as sacred) that survived the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, of the return of animals such as the Iberian lynx after the NGO Rewilding Europe initiative. The third reason she is hopeful is the global Roots and Shoots movement involving hundreds of thousands of student members from kindergarten to college age, a movement that began in Tanzania when students asked her what they could do for the planet. In contrast to young people glued to their videogames, the members of Roots and Shoots are now engaged in diverse activities such as cleaning beaches and planting trees in 68 countries—a powerful impetus for all of us to hope. Goodall’s final cause for hope is what she calls “the indomitable human spirit,” an inner strength or energy force which enables us to fight for freedom and justice, to go on even when feeling hopeless. She asserts that we all have it, but psychiatric-mental health nurses often see those whose spirit was not nurtured during childhood or was crushed by abuse. What answer would Dr. Goodall give here? In her book, she speaks of young women in Burundi who were raped, and young men conscripted as soldiers, and the healing they ultimately found through counseling and helping others. I encourage you to delve more deeply into Goodall’s The Book of Hope, as this introduction is necessarily brief.