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Case 1.7
Published in Monica Fawzy, Plastic Surgery Vivas for the FRCS(Plast), 2023
The DASH and MHQ systems – short for Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, and Michigan Hand Questionnaire – are the most frequently used patient reported outcome measures in hand surgery.The DASH questionnaire includes a 30-item scale relating to upper extremity function. These scales have been validated in the evaluation of impairments, activity limitations, and participation restriction to normal activities of daily living.The MHQ consists of 37 hand specific questions, divided into the following domains:overall hand function,activities of daily living,pain,work performance, andaesthetics and patient satisfaction with hand function.HADS – short for Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – is a good screening tool for identifying comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders in patients with musculoskeletal disorders.
Evaluation of the asthmas
Published in Vibeke Backer, Peter G. Gibson, Ian D. Pavord, The Asthmas, 2023
Vibeke Backer, Peter G. Gibson, Ian D. Pavord
Many patients suffering from asthma also have a degree of anxiety and depression. This can be evaluated with a scoring system called the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). HADS can facilitate early identification of both conditions (depression and anxiety) in the same questionnaire and presents a separate score for each condition which may support determining the correct treatment and intervention. The questionnaire is easy to score, simple to interpret and provides a clear-cut score to indicate the severity of the disorders it measures. HADS is a 14-item, self-administered screening tool, which can be finalised in 5 minutes, used in patients with possible or probable anxiety and depression in non-psychiatric hospital clinics.
Assessment tools
Published in Benita Wilson, Andrea Woollands, David Barrett, Care Planning, 2018
Benita Wilson, Andrea Woollands, David Barrett
Screening and diagnosis tools try to identify the presence or severity of a specific problem. For example, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) has got 14 questions that are used to detect whether a patient is suffering from anxiety or depression. As the name suggests, the HADS was first devised for use in hospital and remains an effective tool in that setting – for example, it can be used to screen for anxiety in patients undergoing elective surgery in hospital (Pritchard, 2011). However, the HADS can be used in a range of settings for a range of people, including those with lung cancer (Schellekens et al., 2016), those with learning disabilities (Dagnan et al., 2008) or those accessing general practice (Bjelland et al., 2002). There are other examples of screening tools used in practice. For example, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) allows healthcare workers to detect the possibility of alcohol problems with 10 simple questions (Reinert and Allen, 2007).
The longitudinal association between movement behavior patterns and the course of participation up to one year after stroke
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2023
Joris A. de Graaf, Roderick Wondergem, Eline C. M. Kooijmans, Martijn F. Pisters, Vera P. M. Schepers, Cindy Veenhof, Johanna M. A. Visser-Meily, Marcel W. M. Post
Cognitive functioning after stroke was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Scores range from 0 to 30 (<26 indicates impaired cognitive function), and higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning [39]. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess the presence of symptoms of anxiety or depression. The HADS consists of 14 items, divided into seven items about anxiety (HADS-A) and seven items about depression (HADS-D). Both the HADS-A and HADS-D scores range from 0 to 21; scores ≥8 indicate the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression respectively [40]. Self-efficacy was evaluated with the Self-Efficacy for Symptom Management Scale (SEsx) which consists of 13 items. Scores range from 13 to 130, and scores < 115 indicate low/moderate self-efficacy [41].
Pain, health-related quality of life, and mental health of adolescents and adults with cerebral palsy in urban South Africa
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Roshaan Salie, Maaike Maria Eken, Kirsten Ann Donald, Anthony Graham Fieggen, Nelleke Gertrude Langerak
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a screening tool used to determine probable presence of anxiety and depression [34]. The scale consists of 14 items, 7 for anxiety (HADS-A), and 7 for depression (HADS-D). Each item is rated on a four-point scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 3 (very often), resulting in a possible total score between 0 and 21 for HADS-A and HADS-D. A score between 0 and 7 falls within a normal range, between 8 and 10 is suggestive of the presence of the mood disorder, and between 11 and 21 is indicating of probably presence (“caseness”) of anxiety or depression [35]. The HADS is a valid and reliable tool to assess the presence of anxiety and depression, and can be used in both somatic and general population including adolescents and adults with CP [36].
Effects of physiotherapy treatment in patients with bronchial asthma: A systematic review
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Daniel Garagorri-Gutiérrez, Raquel Leirós-Rodríguez
The study by Tehrany, DeVos, and Bruton (2018) aimed to prove the existence of changes in the respiratory pattern of a 57-year-old patient after a physiotherapy program. For this, they registered the respiratory patterns by means of respiratory inductive plethysmography, before and after the physiotherapy intervention. He received three face-to-face sessions: one of evaluation and awareness of the ventilatory pattern; and another two of evolution control over 16 weeks. The results showed that it reduced the use of salbutamol from 12 to 6 inhalations. In the Nijmegen questionnaire (NQ) for the assessment of hyperventilation, it went from 39/64 to 10/64, with a score of 23 or higher indicative of hyperventilation syndrome being considered on this scale. Regarding the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), in which scores above 8 indicate involvement, it obtained a preintervention score of 10 in anxiety and 15 in depression. Both scores were reduced to 1 in the two subtests after the intervention. The results in the asthma control questionnaire (ACQ), indicated that it improved its score from 3.8 to 2.3. A change of 0.5 points on this scale is considered clinically important and it justifies a change in treatment. The study also found significant improvements in the PEF flow rate and a non-significant increase in FEV1. The carbon dioxide parameters in the gas exhaled during the respiratory cycle or oxygen saturation did not change.