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Personality
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
Histrionic personality disorder occurs in about 1.8 percent of the general population and is more common among women than men. The hallmark of histrionic personality disorder is excessive attention-seeking and rapidly shifting, dramatic, and superficial expression of emotion. Persons with this disorder spend an excessive amount of time seeking attention and making themselves attractive. They characteristically use their physical appearance to gain attention, often in a sexually provocative or seductive fashion. People with histrionic personality disorder are impressionistic in their speech and cognition, do not attend to details or facts, and they are reluctant or unable to make reasoned critical analyses of problems or situations. Those persons exaggerate their own qualities, role, situation, and feelings. They often consider relationships to be more intimate than they are. Interpersonally those individuals tend to be engaging initially, but over time they often seem superficial and excessively demanding of attention. Persons with this disorder often present with complaints of depression, somatic problems of unclear origin, and a history of disappointing romantic relationships. Compared with the other cluster B personality disorders, histrionic personality disorder is associated with a greater capacity to establish stable and meaningful relationships and with better work functioning.
Answers
Published in Neel Sharma, Tiago Villanueva, SBAs and EMQs in Psychiatry for Medical Students, 2019
A histrionic personality disorder is characterised by excessive emotion, attention seeking, self-dramatisation and over concern with physical attractiveness. Excitement is continually sought, as is the appreciation of others.
Neurotic disorders
Published in Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat, MRCPsych Part 1 In a Box, 2019
Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat
Histrionic personality disorder: Excessive emotionality and attention seeking occurs. There is theatricality and a suggestible and shallow affect. Physical appearance is very important. Excitement and reassurance is sought.
Psychotherapy of Dependent Personality Disorder: The Relationship of Patient–Therapist Interactions to Outcome
Published in Psychiatry, 2020
Giorgio E. Maccaferri, Daniela Dunker-Scheuner, Yves De Roten, Jean-Nicolas Despland, Rainer Sachse, Ueli Kramer
A total of N= 74 German-speaking patients with DPD were recruited in a naturalistic setting. These patients were self-referred and followed-up at a Consultation Center specialized in the treatment of personality disorders. All patients met criteria on the SCID-II diagnosis of DPD (SCID; First & Gibbon, 2004), although initial formulation of their distress might be linked to another psychological problem. DSM-IV-diagnoses (APA, 1994) were established by trained researcher-clinicians using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID; First & Gibbon, 2004) for axes I and II of the DSM-IV. Some patients had one or two additional diagnoses for personality disorders (28 (38%) with histrionic personality disorder, 10 (14%) with narcissistic personality disorder, and 13 (18%) with any other personality disorder, multiple mention possible). In all cases, it was the therapist’s clinical decision (approved by the supervisor) that the primary diagnosis was Dependent Personality Disorder. Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder and Antisocial Personality Disorder were excluded. All patients underwent a long-term clarification-oriented psychotherapy lasting between 40 and 100 sessions, one session weekly. The mean age of the sample was 39.90 years (SD = 11.11); 64 patients were female (86.5%). Given the naturalistic context, no information on initial patient intake at the Consultation Center during the time of study, nor of drop-out was systematically assessed. All patients provided written informed consent concerning the use of their data for this study and the research protocol was approved by the institute’s internal board and all relevant external instances.
Comparing English-Language and Chinese-Language Assessment of DSM-5 Personality Disorders and Interpersonal Problems in Chinese Bilingual Speakers
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2022
Leila Z. Wu, A. Esin Asan, Alexandra L. Halberstadt, Aaron L. Pincus
Although personality pathology is associated with general interpersonal dysfunction, research consistently finds that DSM-5 personality disorder constructs exhibit distinct and substantively meaningful patterns of associations with interpersonal problems (e.g. Pincus & Wiggins, 1990; Soldz et al., 1993; Williams & Simms, 2016; Wright et al., 2012). A recent meta-analytic review of interpersonal dysfunction in personality disorders (Wilson et al., 2017) covering 127 published and unpublished studies comprising 2,579 effect sizes found that nine of the 10 DSM-5 personality disorders (excluding obsessive–compulsive personality disorder) exhibited unique and substantively meaningful circumplex patterns of associations with dysfunctional interpersonal traits. Specifically, paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders showed associations primarily with cold interpersonal traits. Avoidant personality disorder showed associations with both submissive and cold interpersonal traits. Antisocial and narcissistic personality disorders showed associations with dominant interpersonal traits. Histrionic personality disorder showed associations with warm and dominant interpersonal traits. Borderline personality disorder showed associations with all interpersonal traits except nonassertiveness and over-nurturance, while dependent personality disorder showed associations with all interpersonal traits except dominance. These findings confirm that the DSM-5 personality disorders exhibit distinct profiles of interpersonal functioning and support the choice of examining interpersonal circumplex profiles to evaluate convergent and divergent nomological associations in the current study.
Narcissism and central serotonergic neurotransmission in depression
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2023
Paraskevi Mavrogiorgou, Florian Seltsam, David Kiefner, Vera Flasbeck, Georg Juckel
A recent study by Kim et al. (2016) on healthy subjects, whose emotional sensitivity and impulsivity were considered in the context of a ‘no-go/go’ paradigm during the LDAEP derivation, also indicates a significant association between different personality traits and the central serotonergic transmission. Furthermore, mainly studies on personality disorders, but not on personality styles, and LDAEP can be found. Even if these results are not directly transferable to the personality styles studied in our work, they can be used as further evidence for the relationship between personality and LDAEP as an indicator of the serotonergic system. Schaaff et al. (2012) were able to show a significantly stronger LDAEP in the sense of reduced serotonergic neurotransmission for patients with emotionally unstable personality disorder (borderline personality disorder), which is characterised by impulsivity and instability in interpersonal relationships, compared to healthy controls, similarly to Norra et al. (2003). Interestingly, the authors relate the finding of a stronger LDAEP (in the sense of a lowered synaptic serotonin release) in patients with borderline PD to the impulsivity characteristic of this disorder and discuss it. In further, due to the number of cases and complexity, an impressive study with 191 patients and corresponding healthy controls, different personality disorders (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial, emotionally unstable, histrionic, narcissistic, anxious-avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive) were investigated in the context of LDAEP (Wang et al. 2006). A significantly stronger LDAEP in the sense of a reduced central serotonergic neurotransmission was only found in this study for a small group with severe histrionic personality disorder (Wang et al. 2006).