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Stress and the Dental Situation
Published in Eli Ilana, Oral Psychophysiology, 2020
The oral cavity is an important element at various stages of life according to different theories of personality development. Freud’s9 psychosexual theory of personality divided psychological development into three stages according to the parts of the body which release sexual energy (libido): the oral stage (first year), the anal stage (second and third years), and the genital stage (starting around the third or fourth year). Occasionally, some libidinal energy fixates in one of the early stages (oral or anal), a fixation which will influence the personality throughout life.
Paper 2: Answers
Published in Sabina Burza, Beata Mougey, Srinivas Perecherla, Nakul Talwar, Practice Examination Papers for the MRCPsych Part 1, 2018
Sabina Burza, Beata Mougey, Srinivas Perecherla, Nakul Talwar
False. It occurs between 1 and 3 years. The oral stage is from birth to 1 year, followed by the anal stage, the phallic stage (from 3 to 5 years), latency (from 6 years to puberty) and the genital stage (from puberty to early adulthood). (16: p.37)
MRCPsych Paper A1 Mock Examination 1: Questions
Published in Melvyn WB Zhang, Cyrus SH Ho, Roger Ho, Ian H Treasaden, Basant K Puri, Get Through, 2016
Melvyn WB Zhang, Cyrus SH Ho, Roger CM Ho, Ian H Treasaden, Basant K Puri
Options:Oral stageAnal stagePhallic stageLatency stageGenital stageTrust/securityAutonomyInitiativeDuty/accomplishmentIdentityIntimacyGenerativityIntegrity
The tempo and timing of puberty: associations with early adolescent weight gain and body composition over three years
Published in Child and Adolescent Obesity, 2022
Hoi Lun Cheng, Matthew Behan, Amy Zhang, Frances Garden, Ben Balzer, Georgina Luscombe, Catherine Hawke, Karen Paxton, Katharine Steinbeck
Logistic Tanner stage modelling uses two mathematical parameters to describe how an individual’s sexual maturation trajectory deviates from the mean curve; these lend themselves naturally as estimates of timing and tempo. The first parameter represents the age at Tanner breast/genital stage 3 (B3/G3), or the point at which an adolescent is halfway between the lower (B1/G1) and upper (B5/G5) asymptotes of their sexual maturation curve. The second parameter represents the slope of the logistic curve at the same halfway point, interpreted as the theoretical rate of maturation at B3/G3 expressed in Tanner stages per year. For our current research, age and slope at B3/G3 were used as the proxies for timing and tempo of sexual maturation, respectively. Due to the self-reported nature of our Tanner stage data, manual data cleaning was undertaken prior to model fitting to remove participants with implausible or uninformative TS trajectories. These included those with (i) less than three TS data points needed for non-linear analysis (n = 40); (ii) TS that stagnated (n = 22) or decreased (n = 54) over the course of the study.
Considerations when treating male pubertal delay pharmacologically
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2022
From a clinical standpoint, the first sign of male puberty is testicular enlargement attaining a volume of 4 ml as measured by comparison to Prader’s orchidometer, or 2.7 ml when measured by ultrasonography [9]. The clinical changes occurring during puberty, described in detail by Marshall and Tanner in 1970 [10], continue to be the milestones used in everyday practice for assessing pubertal disorders. Genital stage 1 (G1) reflects prepubertal features; stage G2 indicates the clinical onset of puberty, with 4-ml testes as its landmark; serum testosterone levels become detectable usually during stage G3 [11]; peak growth velocity occurs during stage G4, and stage G5 is the adult stage. Pubertal onset occurs in 95% of boys between the ages of 9.5 and 13.5 years [10,12–14]; therefore, consensus exists on defining pubertal delay in males when testicular volume has not attained 4 ml by the age of 14 years, i.e. 2 to 2.5 standard deviations beyond the mean for the population [1,10,15,16]. Once triggered, puberty progresses at approximately one Tanner stage per year [2,10,12–14]; failure to achieve completion of pubertal development, i.e. testicular volume <15 ml and genital stage <G5, within 5 years prompts the diagnosis of arrested puberty.
Melanie Klein and the Black Mammy: An Exploration of the Influence of the Mammy Stereotype on Klein’s Maternal and Its Contribution to the “Whiteness” of Psychoanalysis
Published in Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 2018
Second, the surprising strength of love accorded to the good breast in Kleinian theory was a key feature of mammy-memoirs. Although Klein is famous for theorizing aggressive attacks on the mother’s breast and body, she also theorized the intensity and necessity of love, giving it a central place in infantile mental life (Likierman, 2003, p. 95). That love of any intensity was a feature of her psychoanalytic theory is significant, as it was a deviation from Freudian thought; whereas Freud asserted that affectionate love could only develop after the genital stage of development as a secondary phenomenon to the libido, Klein countered that love is one of “the most fundamental of human patterns” and “we can assume that love towards the mother in some form exists from the beginning of life” (Klein, 1944, p. 757). She was likely influenced by her analyst Ferenczi, who in 1933 separated an early love of “tenderness” from the mature sexual love of “passion,” but Klein’s view of the baby’s participation in love is more active than Ferenczi’s “passive object love” (Likierman, 2003, pp. 91–95). There is an intensity and idealization about this love that is surprising and curious; she characterized it as a “total situation” and “The whole of his instinctual desires and unconscious phantasies imbue the breast with qualities going far and beyond the actual nourishment that it affords” (Klein, 1957, p. 180). Testimonies of a similarly intense and idealized love had been a key feature of the 1900–1920s paeans to the mammy (McElya, 2007). Just one of many examples is that, to loud applause, a speaker in the House of Representatives in 1922 described “that ineffable, indescribable, unspeakable love that every southern man feels for the old black nurse who took care of him in childhood” (McElya, 2007, p. 173). And indeed, the song “My Mammy” is a love song to the mammy.