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A brief history of dreams
Published in Josie Malinowski, The Psychology of Dreaming, 2020
In this sense, this book is itself a snapshot historical text – today it is cutting edge; next century it may be archaic. Readers should keep this in mind as they go; read the ideas within critically, wondering what might be found if we asked different questions or used different methods or had different aims. We’ll look to some possible future scenarios for dream research in Chapter 7, but what the future really holds is up to future oneirologists – perhaps some of the people reading this book. What do you want to find out next? What is experimental psychology fundamentally missing or failing to grasp? These are the sort of questions that will propel us into a new era of oneirology when the current one ebbs out of favour to be replaced by the next big ideas.
F
Published in Anton Sebastian, A Dictionary of the History of Medicine, 2018
Fechner, Gustav Theodor (1801–1887) German psychologist from Lusatia. He studied the various modalities of subjective sensation in relation to external physical stimuli. His findings, combined with the previous work of Ernst Heinrich Weber (1795–1878), led to the formulation of a psychophysical law that the intensity of a subjective sensation is proportional to the logarithm of the corresponding physical stimulus. He wrote Element der Psycho-physick in 1860. His work led to the development of experimental psychology.
A review of laboratory studies on the acute effects of movement and exercise on cognition in children
Published in Romain Meeusen, Sabine Schaefer, Phillip Tomporowski, Richard Bailey, Physical Activity and Educational Achievement, 2017
In a within-subjects design, all participants perform all conditions of a task. For example, cognition can be tested after a period of seated rest, after a low-intensity exercise bout or after a high-intensity exercise bout. Since the same person is tested in each condition, performance changes are (in part) caused by the changes in condition. However, practice effects or fatigue can also influence cognition. These influences can be controlled for by randomly distributing participants across different testing schemes. For example, some participants start with the seated rest condition and do the high-intensity exercise in the last session, while others start with the high-intensity exercise and do the seated rest in the last session. Experimental psychology textbooks offer a variety of designs that can be used in this respect (e.g. Goodwin & Goodwin, 2012; Shadish, Cook, & Campbell, 2001).
Development and Validation of the Pediatric Sleep Practices Questionnaire: A Self-Report Measure for Youth Ages 8–17 Years
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2021
Lisa J. Meltzer, Christopher B. Forrest, Anna de la Motte, Jodi A. Mindell, Katherine B. Bevans
Eight pediatric sleep medicine experts outside the study team were invited (and agreed) to participate in a recorded semi-structured telephone interview. Experts were chosen to provide a breadth of opinions from different sub-specialties, and were selected based on both the expert’s reputation in the field and a minimum of three peer-reviewed publications in the area of children’s sleep health. Interviewees represented the disciplines of clinical psychology (n = 2), neuropsychology (n = 1), experimental psychology (n = 1), anthropology (n = 1), neurology (n = 1), neuroscience (n = 1), and genetics (n = 1). Four of the experts had experience with the development and validation of existing pediatric sleep measures. Experts were asked to identify common antecedents and consequences of poor sleep in children. The interview questions are available from the authors upon request. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for themes using a constant comparative method (Strauss & Corbin, 1998). Two investigators identified and coded meaningful units of text and thereafter, discussed code agreements and disagreements until consensus was achieved (Lasch et al., 2010).
Narrowing the physiotherapy knowledge-practice gap: faculty training beyond the health sciences
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Sarah M. Schwab, Valéria Andrade, Tarcísio Santos Moreira, James T. Cavanaugh, Daniela V. Vaz, Paula L. Silva
One of the authors of the current contribution (DVV) implemented new content and instructional methods in a physiotherapy program and a rehabilitation sciences graduate program in Brazil after pursuing postprofessional doctoral training in experimental psychology. Two aspects of this training were essential in the generation of innovative instructional methods: 1) Theoretical content of ecological and dynamical perspectives of behavior (Vaz et al., 2017); and 2) the larger liberal tradition in which experimental psychology is situated that emphasizes developing “modes of learning” that is, “procedures of gaining knowledge, developing understanding, and applying wisdom” (Fox, 2008).
A biographical sketch of Troy D. Zars (1967–2018)
Published in Journal of Neurogenetics, 2020
Bertram Gerber, Elizabeth G. King, Divya Sitaraman
During his post-doctoral period Zars began working on thermosensation and operant learning, topics which then became central to his work after he accepted positions as Assistant Professor (2002), Associate Professor (2009), and Professor (2017) at the University of Missouri, Columbia, Division of Biological Sciences. Landmark discoveries after his return to the Midwest of the United States concerned the way low- versus high-temperature signals are processed for aversive reinforcement in operant learning and place memory, what the roles of biogenic amines are in this context, and the way genetic factors moderate these and other forms of behavioral plasticity. Throughout, his studies were performed within an experimental psychology framework, and with a view towards their biomedical implications e.g., for mood disorders. On these and related topics, Zars contributed commentaries for journals such as Science, Nature, Neuron, and Current Biology. Zars initiated collaborations with his colleagues at the University of Missouri, including a project on the quantitative genetics of learning and memory with Elizabeth King and the development of new thermo-genetic tools for investigating neuronal circuits with Mirela and Lorin Milescu. Outside of University of Missouri, Zars collaborated with Ulrike Heberlein (University of California-San Francisco/HHMI) and Paul Shaw (Washington University-St. Louis), Toshi Kitamoto (University of Iowa), Judith L. Fridovich-Keil (Emory University), as well as Björn Brembs (Universität Regensburg), on the relationship of memory with ethanol sensitivity and sleep, transgenic tool development, fly models of galactosemia, as well as on the function of FoxP, respectively (Figure 2).