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Psychosocial Stressors at Work and Stress Prevention Methods among Medical Staff of Psychiatric and Addiction Treatment Wards
Published in Dorota Żołnierczyk-Zreda, Emotional Labour in Work with Patients and Clients, 2020
The study presented in the current chapter has shown that the main problem and a potential source of stress in the group of psychiatric care medical staff is high emotional demands. The correlation analysis has proved that although high emotional demands in this occupational group significantly correlate (p < 0.001) with such positive aspects of work as personal development opportunities (Spearman’s Rho = 0.44), diversity of work tasks (0.36) and importance of work performed (0.38), they are also significantly associated (p < 0.001) with adverse psychosocial working conditions such as obtaining contradictory job demands concerning working methods – role conflict (0.33), with a strong work engagement at the expense of family life – work–home conflict (0.43), burnout (0.38), stress (0.33), self-assessed fair and respectful treatment (–0.27) and with conflicts at work (0.22; p < 0.01). In light of these results, it seems appropriate to recommend the following methods of stress prevention at work resulting from emotional stress.
Stress and the brain-gut axis across the spectrum of digestive disorders
Published in Simon R. Knowles, Laurie Keefer, Antonina A. Mikocka-Walus, Psychogastroenterology for Adults, 2019
There is a growing body of evidence that alterations in inflammatory pathways may contribute to the development of both GI and mood disorders [28, 29]. Some of the pathways that have been implicated include: (1) increased mast cell presence in the intestinal mucosa of IBS patients, and (2) increased production of inflammatory cytokines (substances secreted by immune cells that influence the function of other cells throughout the body) such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF), IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-8. Increased numbers of activated CD3+ or CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes also have been identified in multiple studies [30]. In depression, increased inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and C-reactive protein, are similarly identified [31]. Emotional stress can produce a proinflammatory response [32]. For a review of this area, see [28, 31].
Chronic Headache Pain
Published in Andrea Kohn Maikovich-Fong, Handbook of Psychosocial Interventions for Chronic Pain, 2019
RuthAnn R. Lester, Eleanor S. Brammer, Allison Gray
Triggers can be grouped into the following categories: diet, environmental factors, hormonal changes (e.g., menstruation and menopausal fluctuations), stress and anxiety, head and neck pain (from trauma or other causes), physical exertion (including exercise or sexual activity), chronobiological factors (e.g., lack of or abundance of sleep, or schedule changes), and caffeine (Anderson & Kinikar, 2017). Some migraine patients identify potential triggers as an abundance of caffeine or caffeine withdrawal, dehydration, and/or hunger incurred by skipping meals. Other dietary triggers can include alcohol, certain additives (such as MSG and food coloring), or certain foods such as chocolate, aged cheese, hot dogs, deli meats, citrus, yogurt and other dairy products, gluten, yeast, frozen foods, and canned foods. Potential environmental triggers include conditions contributing to eye strain, bright lights/glare, smells, temperature or weather changes, barometric pressure changes, and altitude (Anderson & Kinikar, 2017). Psychological triggers can include experiencing emotional stress or experiencing the aftermath of a stressful event.
The landscape of vitiligo in Latin America: a call to action
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2023
Angela Londoño-Garcia, Andrea Arango Salgado, María de la Luz Orozco-Covarrubias, Angela Marie Jansen, Mariana Rico-Restrepo, María Cecilia Riviti, Margarita María Velásquez-Lopera, Carla Castro
The genetic and environmental causes of vitiligo are well-documented, but the underlying mechanisms are complex (8). Despite the lack of genetic investigations in LA, a positive family history of vitiligo was discovered in patients from Colombia (15%), Brazil (18%), and Mexico (26%) (8,15,16). Children with vitiligo in Mexico have a familial history among first- (73%) and second-degree relatives (27%) (17). A personal or familial history of autoimmune diseases is associated with more severe forms of vitiligo (18). Monozygotic twins had a concordance rate of only 23%, highlighting the influence of the environment on vitiligo development (19). Emotional stress is believed to be a trigger, but data remains limited (8). In a study of 701 Brazilian children, 67% of cases of vitiligo were induced by emotional causes (15). Physical trauma is also a trigger for vitiligo, as demonstrated by Koebner’s phenomenon, a sign of disease activity (8). Additionally, halo nevus is a risk factor for vitiligo (15,20). Low socioeconomic status may influence disease control, treatment adherence, QoL declines, and heightened stigmatization.
The Phys-Can study: meaningful and challenging - supervising physical exercise in a community-based setting for persons undergoing curative oncological treatment
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Anna Henriksson, Helena Igelström, Cecilia Arving, Karin Nordin, Birgitta Johansson, Ingrid Demmelmaier
Adapting to a new role may be challenging. In the case of the coaches, they had to handle their own initial concerns regarding exercise during cancer treatment up until the point when they realized it was feasible. Also, it could be a challenge to assess participants’ side effects and differentiate them from normal feelings of physical exertion during exercise. It seemed that practical experience was necessary in order to feel confident when supervising exercise for cancer survivors. This is in line with a study of physical therapists using BCTs within a PA intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, which reported that education and support were important in helping the physical therapists transition into the coach role (Nessen, Opava, Martin, and Demmelmaier, 2014). Another important aspect to address is helping coaches develop coping strategies to handle the emotional challenges that may occur, especially for coaches who are new to working with persons with cancer. For instance, talking to colleagues about difficult situations, such as when a participant has a relapse of cancer, may be a way to cope and reduce emotional stress (Guveli et al., 2015).
The Marcus Institute for Brain Health: an integrated practice unit for the care of traumatic brain injury in military veterans
Published in Brain Injury, 2021
Catharine H. Johnston-Brooks, Riley P. Grassmeyer, Christopher M. Filley, James P. Kelly
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a major health problem around the world, has been termed a “signature wound” of recent military conflicts (1). Between 2000 and 2019, over 413,000 United States service members were identified as having at least one service-related TBI, the vast majority of which (82%) were considered mild or mTBI (2). These injuries can occur from the impact of a head striking a fixed object, an object striking the head with or without skull penetration, a whiplash effect injury, or a blast. Blast injury is unique in that, in addition to the primary damage caused by the force of the blast wave, there can be secondary (airborne debris) as well as tertiary (transposition of the body or structural collapse) injuries (3). As there are currently no biomarkers that can reliably identify TBI, the diagnosis is founded on report or observation of the injury event. Specifically, the event must include at least one of the following: loss of consciousness of less than 30 minutes, post-traumatic amnesia of less than 24 hours, or an alteration of consciousness (4). Common persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) following mTBI include physical complaints (e.g., headache, dizziness, sleep disturbance, and fatigue); cognitive deficits (e.g., inattention, poor concentration, impaired memory, and executive dysfunction); and behavioral change(s) and/or alterations in degree of emotional responsivity (e.g., irritability, disinhibition, and emotional lability). These symptoms cannot be accounted for by a psychological reaction to physical or emotional stress alone (5).