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Neurobehavioral Morbidity in Children with Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Published in Mark A. Richardson, Norman R. Friedman, Clinician’s Guide to Pediatric Sleep Disorders, 2016
David Gozal, Leila Kheirandish-Gozal
In children with OSA, several studies have documented significantly reduced IQ scores (obtained from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—WISC-III), compared with control children (47,66,92). In these studies, the probability for lower normal or borderline range performance was much higher in children with SDB. More recently, we have clearly documented significantly impaired General Conceptual Ability scores [a measure of IQ obtained from the Differential Ability Scales (DAS)] in children with OSA (88) when compared with control children. However, Ali et al. (15) failed to detect any differences in the short-form version of the WISC-III. Interestingly, Lewin et al. (53) found an inverse relationship between the severity of OSA and verbal ability (obtained from the DAS). These investigators suggested that only severe OSA is a risk factor for disruption of verbal abilities. However, this issue merits further investigation because in our rather extensive study, the majority of children had an apnea/hypopnea index between 5 and 10, that is, not severe OSA, and despite relatively modest levels of SDB severity, the verbal abilities and overall language scores were adversely affected (88). In a more recent study in toddlers with OSA who were prospectively screened through parental questionnaires, we were further able to show complete reversibility of cognitive deficits following timely treatment (93). Thus, these studies suggest that early SDB diagnosis and intervention may lead to overall favorable outcomes (94).
A preliminary study of atypical cortical change ability of dynamic whole-brain functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorder
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2022
Written informed consent and child assent were obtained from all participants in accordance with NYU School of Medicine Institutional Review Board oversight. The intelligence scores (full, performance and verbal IQ) are estimated using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) [34], or the Differential Ability Scales, Second Edition (DAS-II) [35]. Clinicians reviewed the case diagnoses using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) codes. In addition, four kinds of diagnosis scales of participants are collected in this study —Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) [36], the Conners’ Parent Rating Scales Long Version (CPRS-R:L) [37], Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) [38], and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) [39]. Note here, the brief descriptions of above diagnosis questionnaires, as well as the following related specifications of imaging acquisition and data preprocessing are provided in Appendix A (supplementary material).
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Associated with Prefrontal Cortical Deoxygenation in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Published in Developmental Neuropsychology, 2020
Julie A. Kable, Claire D. Coles, Sarah N. Mattson
One participant’s PFC data from the FETCH task could not be used as result of computer malfunction and two participant’s caregivers did not complete the CBCL. Table 1 contains further details regarding the sample characteristics. Children’s current placement or caregiver varied as a function of group status (χ (4) = 14.353, p < .006) but they did not differ on other demographic characteristics or involvement with child protective services. Among children in the Control group, 88.0% were living with a biological parent while only 48.5% of the children with PAE were with a biological parent. The other children in this group were living with a relative (24.2%) or a legal guardian/adoptive parent (27.3%). For the Clinical Contrast group, 85.7% of the children were with a biological parent, 9.5% were with a relative, and 4.8% were living with a legal guardian/adoptive parent. Global cognitive ability as assessed by the Differential Ability Scales, 2nd edition (Elliot, 2007) also differed by group status (F (2, 76) = 6.24, p < .003) with the Control group (M = 92.48 (SD = 10.2)) performing significantly higher than those in the Clinical Contrast group (M = 80.57 (SD = 12.0)) and the PAE group (M = 88.24 (SD = 12.3)), which did not differ from each other.
Early academic skills in Chinese children with autism spectrum disorders
Published in Speech, Language and Hearing, 2018
Estes et al. (2011) investigated the mathematic achievement patterns of 30 nine-year olds with HFA. Their results showed that scores on the Basic Numbers Skills subtest on the Differential Ability Scales (DAS) (Elliott, 1990) were significantly lower on average compared to predicted-scores, based on reported score distributions in the normative sample. Yet, four participants had Basic Numbers Skills that were higher than expected. All three of Troyb et al.’s (2014) groups (OO, HFA, and TD) scored at the average math range on the Woodcock-Johnson III, Test of Achievement (WJ-III; Woodcock et al., 2005). Furthermore, the HFA group scored significantly lower in mathematical problem solving than did the OO group, while the scores for the HFA and TD groups were significantly higher. There was no difference between the OO and TD groups. In addition, the HFA children were found to have similar math skills to the children who were TD but somewhat lower than the OO group.