China
Africa
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Ethnographic diaries and journals
Published in Paul M.W. Hackett, Christopher M. Hayre, Handbook of Ethnography in Healthcare Research, 2020
Diaries are therefore well-suited to ethnographic research, which looks at “uniquely situated realities” embedded within layers of context (Blommaert & Jie, 2010, p. 17). They can reveal the complexity of events and experiences by prioritizing participants’ knowledge, understandings, and beliefs, and drawing on their “emic” perspectives (Davis, 1995) on events and contexts (i.e., participants’ own “insider” understandings). Diaries give participants a degree of control and “voice” (Bartlett, 2012), whilst the ethnographic researcher’s point of departure at the start of a study is the “ignorance of the knower” (Blommaert & Jie, 2010, p. 10), subsequently addressed by collecting and analyzing the diary data as the research progresses (Clayton & Thorne, 2000). Consequently, diary studies can provide researchers with a mechanism for unpacking what is often taken for granted in accounts of health, illness, and healthcare (Elliott, 1997).
The contextual inquiry
Published in Lisette van Gemert-Pijnen, Saskia M. Kelders, Hanneke Kip, Robbert Sanderman, eHealth Research, Theory and Development, 2018
Hanneke Kip, Nienke Beerlage-de Jong, Jobke Wentzel
Sometimes it can be very difficult for people to recall how specific events occurred, who were involved, how exactly they were feeling at that moment or how often something occurred. A diary study enables the participant to record the event before he or she forgets about it. In addition, when it is difficult for participants to open up about a certain event or if they behave differently when being observed because of shame or social desirability, an (anonymous) diary study can be a good alternative. Drawbacks of diary studies are the needed participant compliance with keeping the diary and subjectivity. However, prompts can be used to remind the participants. Furthermore, diary studies can in some cases require a substantive amount of instructions for the participants.
Introduction
Published in Dominic Upton, Introducing Psychology for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, 2013
The methods discussed so far are quantitative techniques favoured by many in psychology and healthcare. However, there are also a number of qualitative techniques that may be of use. For example, there are diary studies which can help the researcher collect information about the temporal changes in health status (e.g. dealing with a life-limiting condition). There are also narrative approaches in which the desire is to seek insight and meaning about health and illness through the acquisition of data in the form of stories concerning personal experiences (e.g. dealing with substance abuse). Cases studies provide a ‘thick description’ of a phenomenon that would not be obtained by the usual quantitative or qualitative approach. Focus groups are a common approach which involves a group of participants discussing a focused question or topic which can lead to the generation of interactive data.
An examination of correlates of simultaneous opioid and benzodiazepine use among patients in medication treatment for opioid use disorder in a small midwestern community
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2022
Jennifer D. Ellis, Emily Pasman, Suzanne Brown, Jamey J. Lister, Elizabeth Agius, Stella M. Resko
Results from the present study suggest that anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and screening positive for PTSD were associated with reporting intentional co-use opioids/benzodiazepine simultaneous use, consistent with work by others.15,18,19 Interestingly, current, but not lifetime, simultaneous use was associated with current mental health symptoms, and individuals reporting past-year simultaneous use were more likely to endorse current symptomology than those reporting simultaneous use prior to the past year. This suggests that it may be worthwhile for future studies to test whether simultaneous use emerges as a consequence of anxiety, depression, or PTSD. However, we can only draw limited conclusions with our cross-sectional data, as it is unclear whether the mental health symptoms associated with simultaneous use reflect a motive for use, a consequence of use, or both. Future work should examine motives for simultaneous opioid/benzodiazepine use, such as whether simultaneous use reflects attempts to alleviate negative affect or achieve positive reinforcement. Longitudinal or daily diary studies may be particularly useful in further disentangling these relationships.
Perceived Stress and Sleep Quality in Midlife and Later: Controlling for Genetic and Environmental Influences
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2020
Yueqin Hu, Marieke Visser, Sierra Kaiser
The first limitation of this study is the use of a cross-sectional design and self-reported questionnaires. Future studies can instead use daily diary studies, portable electronic devices, or other ecological momentary assessments. Second, the ACE model we used to determine which variable would be co-twin controlled lacks statistical power. With merely 148 twin pairs and the current effect size, the power of our ACE models is below 80%. Readers should be cautious of the non-significant findings on emotional control and cognitive control. With a larger twin sample, their a and c coefficient might also become significant. Third, the co-twin design is a useful method to control genetic and familial confounds; however, gene and shared environment are combined in this method. More sophisticated methods should be developed to further separate the contribution of gene and shared environment. Fourth, using an existing dataset limited our ability to examine a wider range of moderators. Other regulation processes may mitigate or magnify the impact of general distress on sleep quality, such as mindfulness (Felder et al., 2018), self-compassion (Hu, Wang, Sun, Arteta Garcia, & Purol, 2018), and nighttime repetitive thinking (Lancee, Eisma, van Zanten, & Topper, 2017). This study is an initial attempt to establish an interactive process of environment and self to explain the mechanism underlying the association between stress and sleep. Future studies can add to this framework by exploring more influential mediators and moderators and therefore provide useful strategies to maintain healthy sleep.
The Situational Contexts of Sexual Experiences among Urban College Students: An Event-Based Analysis
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2020
Patrick A. Wilson, Aaron Sarvet, Kate Walsh, Melanie Wall, Jessie V. Ford, Louisa Gilbert, John Santelli, Jennifer S. Hirsch, Shamus Khan, Claude A. Mellins
Until recently, the majority of research examining sexual health outcomes on college campuses has been cross-sectional in nature. This growing body of literature shows that a complex array of factors including substance use, knowledge about sex, and sexual expectations shape sexual outcomes (Abbey, 2002; Armstrong et al., 2012; Higgins et al., 2011; Messman-Moore et al., 2008; Muehlenhard et al., 2016; Parsons et al., 2000, Schalet, 2004). Yet, existing research has frequently explored associations using one-time surveys, which cannot measure event-specific scenarios across time. Diary studies allow us to hone in on what is happening at the event-level by examining, for instance, how specific situational factors reported during a sexual encounter may increase the likelihood of reporting sexual pleasure.